Bose–Einstein condensate
E7351
A Bose–Einstein condensate is an exotic state of matter formed when a dilute gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures near absolute zero, causing a large fraction of the particles to occupy the same quantum state and behave as a single quantum entity.
All labels observed (6)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T79860 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bose–Einstein condensate Context triple: [Bose–Einstein statistics, relatedConcept, Bose–Einstein condensate]
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A.
Bose–Einstein statistics
Bose–Einstein statistics is a quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and collective behavior of indistinguishable bosons, underpinning phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation.
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B.
BCS theory of superconductivity
The BCS theory of superconductivity is a fundamental microscopic theory that explains superconductivity through the formation of Cooper pairs of electrons and their collective quantum behavior in a solid.
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C.
Fermi–Dirac statistics
Fermi–Dirac statistics is the quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and behavior of indistinguishable fermions, such as electrons, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle.
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D.
Higgs boson
The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model whose associated field gives mass to other fundamental particles, confirming a key mechanism of particle physics.
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E.
QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter
QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter is a popular science book by physicist Richard Feynman that explains the quantum theory of electrodynamics in an accessible, lecture-based style.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bose–Einstein condensate Target entity description: A Bose–Einstein condensate is an exotic state of matter formed when a dilute gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures near absolute zero, causing a large fraction of the particles to occupy the same quantum state and behave as a single quantum entity.
-
A.
Bose–Einstein statistics
Bose–Einstein statistics is a quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and collective behavior of indistinguishable bosons, underpinning phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation.
-
B.
BCS theory of superconductivity
The BCS theory of superconductivity is a fundamental microscopic theory that explains superconductivity through the formation of Cooper pairs of electrons and their collective quantum behavior in a solid.
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C.
Fermi–Dirac statistics
Fermi–Dirac statistics is the quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and behavior of indistinguishable fermions, such as electrons, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle.
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D.
Higgs boson
The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model whose associated field gives mass to other fundamental particles, confirming a key mechanism of particle physics.
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E.
QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter
QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter is a popular science book by physicist Richard Feynman that explains the quantum theory of electrodynamics in an accessible, lecture-based style.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (52)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
many-body quantum system
ⓘ
quantum phase of matter ⓘ state of matter ⓘ |
| firstCreatedAt |
JILA
ⓘ
University of Colorado Boulder ⓘ |
| firstCreatedBy |
Carl E. Wieman
ⓘ
Eric A. Cornell ⓘ |
| firstCreatedInLaboratory | 1995 ⓘ |
| firstCreatedUsing | rubidium-87 atoms ⓘ |
| hasApplication |
atom interferometry
ⓘ
precision measurements ⓘ quantum information science ⓘ quantum simulation ⓘ study of quantum phase transitions ⓘ study of superfluidity ⓘ |
| hasNobelPrizeAssociated | 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics ⓘ |
| hasPhysicalConstituent | boson ⓘ |
| hasProperty |
long-range phase coherence
ⓘ
macroscopic occupation of ground state ⓘ macroscopic quantum coherence ⓘ matter-wave interference ⓘ occupies single quantum state ⓘ off-diagonal long-range order ⓘ quantum degeneracy ⓘ superfluidity ⓘ ultra-low temperature ⓘ |
| hasTheoreticalBasis |
Bose–Einstein statistics
ⓘ
surface form:
Bose–Einstein distribution
Bose–Einstein statistics ⓘ Gross–Pitaevskii equation ⓘ quantum mechanics ⓘ second quantization ⓘ |
| isDescribedBy |
macroscopic wavefunction
ⓘ
order parameter wavefunction ⓘ |
| isRelatedTo |
BCS–BEC crossover
ⓘ
Fermi gas ⓘ laser cooling ⓘ magnetic trap ⓘ optical trap ⓘ superfluid helium ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Albert Einstein
ⓘ
Satyendra Nath Bose ⓘ |
| predictedBy |
Albert Einstein
ⓘ
Satyendra Nath Bose ⓘ |
| predictionYear |
1924
ⓘ
1925 ⓘ |
| requiresCondition |
bosonic particles
ⓘ
dilute atomic gas ⓘ evaporative cooling ⓘ temperature near absolute zero ⓘ trapping potential ⓘ |
| typicalTemperatureScale |
microkelvin
ⓘ
nanokelvin ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bose–Einstein condensate Description of subject: A Bose–Einstein condensate is an exotic state of matter formed when a dilute gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures near absolute zero, causing a large fraction of the particles to occupy the same quantum state and behave as a single quantum entity.
Referenced by (20)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensates
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensation
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensation
subject surface form:
Satyendra Nath Bose
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensate (theoretical prediction)
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensation
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensates
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensation in dilute gases
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensates
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensation
1999 Nature paper on light slowed to 17 meters per second
→
mainSubject
→
Bose–Einstein condensate
ⓘ
subject surface form:
Carl E. Wieman
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensates
subject surface form:
Carl E. Wieman
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensates
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensates
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensation transition
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensation
subject surface form:
Gross–Pitaevskii equation
this entity surface form:
Bose–Einstein condensates