winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War
E716422
The winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War were a series of largely positional and logistical maneuvers between Allied and French forces in the Iberian Peninsula that set the stage for Wellington’s later offensive campaigns.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8177908 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War Context triple: [Wellington’s 1812 Salamanca campaign, precededBy, winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War]
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A.
Operations in the Peninsular War
Operations in the Peninsular War is a historical account of British naval and military actions during the Peninsular War, authored by Royal Navy officer Sir Edward Codrington.
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B.
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)
The Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812) was a major Peninsular War operation in which British and Portuguese forces under the Duke of Wellington swiftly captured the French-held fortress town of Ciudad Rodrigo, opening the way for the Allied advance into Spain.
-
C.
Siege of Badajoz (1812)
The Siege of Badajoz (1812) was a brutal and strategically crucial Peninsular War assault in which British and Portuguese forces under Wellington captured the heavily fortified Spanish border city from the French, paving the way for later Allied advances into Spain.
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D.
Wellington’s 1812 Salamanca campaign
Wellington’s 1812 Salamanca campaign was a major British-led offensive in the Peninsular War that broke French dominance in western Spain and paved the way for the liberation of Madrid.
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E.
Spring campaign of 1813
The Spring campaign of 1813 was a phase of the War of the Sixth Coalition in which Napoleon sought to rebuild French dominance in Central Europe following his retreat from Russia, leading to major but indecisive battles against Prussian and Russian forces.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War Target entity description: The winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War were a series of largely positional and logistical maneuvers between Allied and French forces in the Iberian Peninsula that set the stage for Wellington’s later offensive campaigns.
-
A.
Operations in the Peninsular War
Operations in the Peninsular War is a historical account of British naval and military actions during the Peninsular War, authored by Royal Navy officer Sir Edward Codrington.
-
B.
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)
The Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812) was a major Peninsular War operation in which British and Portuguese forces under the Duke of Wellington swiftly captured the French-held fortress town of Ciudad Rodrigo, opening the way for the Allied advance into Spain.
-
C.
Siege of Badajoz (1812)
The Siege of Badajoz (1812) was a brutal and strategically crucial Peninsular War assault in which British and Portuguese forces under Wellington captured the heavily fortified Spanish border city from the French, paving the way for later Allied advances into Spain.
-
D.
Wellington’s 1812 Salamanca campaign
Wellington’s 1812 Salamanca campaign was a major British-led offensive in the Peninsular War that broke French dominance in western Spain and paved the way for the liberation of Madrid.
-
E.
Spring campaign of 1813
The Spring campaign of 1813 was a phase of the War of the Sixth Coalition in which Napoleon sought to rebuild French dominance in Central Europe following his retreat from Russia, leading to major but indecisive battles against Prussian and Russian forces.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
military campaign
ⓘ
phase of the Peninsular War ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
emphasis on winter quarters and cantonments
ⓘ
limited large-scale pitched battles ⓘ raids and minor engagements ⓘ |
| conflict | Napoleonic Wars ⓘ |
| follows | campaigns of 1811 in the Peninsular War ⓘ |
| hasCommander |
Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Marshal Auguste Marmont NERFINISHED ⓘ Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult NERFINISHED ⓘ Marshal Louis-Gabriel Suchet NERFINISHED ⓘ Marshal Nicolas Soult NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasEffect | set the stage for Wellington’s 1812 offensive ⓘ |
| hasEndTime | 1812 ⓘ |
| hasGoal |
to consolidate Allied positions
ⓘ
to disrupt French communications and supply ⓘ |
| hasLocation |
Iberian Peninsula
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Portugal NERFINISHED ⓘ Spain NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasNature |
largely positional operations
ⓘ
logistical maneuvers ⓘ |
| hasOutcome |
French difficulty in sustaining extended lines of communication in Spain
ⓘ
strengthening of Allied operational position for 1812 ⓘ |
| hasParticipant |
First French Empire
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Kingdom of Portugal NERFINISHED ⓘ Spanish forces ⓘ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasStartTime | 1811 ⓘ |
| hasStrategicImportance |
preparation for Allied sieges of frontier fortresses
ⓘ
redistribution of forces along the Portuguese–Spanish frontier ⓘ reorganization of Allied and French armies ⓘ |
| hasTheater |
border regions of Portugal and Spain
ⓘ
western Spain NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| involves |
Allied efforts to maintain supply lines from Portugal
ⓘ
French attempts to hold key fortresses in Spain ⓘ maneuvering around frontier fortresses such as Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz ⓘ |
| opposes | Allied armies and French imperial forces ⓘ |
| partOf | Peninsular War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| precedes |
Siege of Badajoz (1812)
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812) NERFINISHED ⓘ Wellington’s 1812 spring and summer offensives NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| timePeriod | Napoleonic Wars NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| uses | Lines of Torres Vedras as a logistical base for Wellington NERFINISHED ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War Description of subject: The winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War were a series of largely positional and logistical maneuvers between Allied and French forces in the Iberian Peninsula that set the stage for Wellington’s later offensive campaigns.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Wellington’s 1812 Salamanca campaign
→
precededBy
→
winter operations of 1811–1812 in the Peninsular War
ⓘ