Middle Irish
E6802
Middle Irish is the historical stage of the Irish language spoken and written roughly between the 10th and 12th centuries, serving as a bridge between Old Irish and Early Modern Irish.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Middle Irish canonical | 23 |
| Middle Gaelic | 2 |
| Classical Irish | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T64689 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Middle Irish Context triple: [Old Irish, followedBy, Middle Irish]
-
A.
Old Irish
Old Irish is the earliest recorded form of the Goidelic Celtic languages, historically spoken in Ireland and parts of Scotland between roughly the 6th and 10th centuries.
-
B.
Primitive Irish
Primitive Irish is the earliest attested form of the Irish language, known primarily from Ogham inscriptions dating from the early centuries CE.
-
C.
Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic is a Celtic language native to Scotland, historically spoken in the Highlands and Islands and closely related to Irish and Manx.
-
D.
Irish English
Irish English is the set of distinctive varieties of the English language spoken in Ireland, characterized by unique pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammatical features influenced by Irish (Gaeilge) and the country’s history.
-
E.
Middle English
Middle English is the historical stage of the English language spoken and written roughly between the late 11th and late 15th centuries, exemplified by works like Chaucer’s "Canterbury Tales."
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Middle Irish Target entity description: Middle Irish is the historical stage of the Irish language spoken and written roughly between the 10th and 12th centuries, serving as a bridge between Old Irish and Early Modern Irish.
-
A.
Old Irish
Old Irish is the earliest recorded form of the Goidelic Celtic languages, historically spoken in Ireland and parts of Scotland between roughly the 6th and 10th centuries.
-
B.
Primitive Irish
Primitive Irish is the earliest attested form of the Irish language, known primarily from Ogham inscriptions dating from the early centuries CE.
-
C.
Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic is a Celtic language native to Scotland, historically spoken in the Highlands and Islands and closely related to Irish and Manx.
-
D.
Irish English
Irish English is the set of distinctive varieties of the English language spoken in Ireland, characterized by unique pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammatical features influenced by Irish (Gaeilge) and the country’s history.
-
E.
Middle English
Middle English is the historical stage of the English language spoken and written roughly between the late 11th and late 15th centuries, exemplified by works like Chaucer’s "Canterbury Tales."
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Celtic language variety
ⓘ
Goidelic language ⓘ historical language stage ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Middle Irish
ⓘ
surface form:
Middle Gaelic
|
| chronologicalPosition | between Old Irish and Early Modern Irish ⓘ |
| developedFrom | Old Irish ⓘ |
| developedInto | Early Modern Irish ⓘ |
| endTime | circa 1200 ⓘ |
| era | Middle Ages ⓘ |
| follows | Old Irish ⓘ |
| hasFeature |
increased use of periphrastic constructions
ⓘ
phonological changes from Old Irish ⓘ simplification of Old Irish inflection ⓘ transition toward Early Modern Irish grammar ⓘ |
| influenced |
Classical Modern Irish
ⓘ
Manx ⓘ Scottish Gaelic ⓘ |
| ISOStatus | historical language (no modern ISO 639-3 code as separate language) ⓘ |
| languageFamily |
Celtic languages
ⓘ
Goidelic ⓘ
surface form:
Goidelic languages
Indo-European language family ⓘ
surface form:
Indo-European languages
|
| linguisticStatus | bridge stage between Old Irish and Early Modern Irish ⓘ |
| partOf | Irish language ⓘ |
| precedes | Early Modern Irish ⓘ |
| primaryRegion | Gaelic Ireland ⓘ |
| scriptDirection | left-to-right ⓘ |
| spokenIn |
Ireland
ⓘ
Isle of Man (crown dependency) ⓘ
surface form:
Isle of Man
parts of Scotland ⓘ |
| startTime | circa 900 ⓘ |
| subdivisionOf | Goidelic branch of Celtic languages ⓘ |
| typicalGenre |
didactic literature
ⓘ
genealogies ⓘ hagiography ⓘ |
| usedBy |
Irish monastic scholars
ⓘ
scribes ⓘ secular poets ⓘ |
| usedFor |
historical annals
ⓘ
legal texts ⓘ religious texts ⓘ sagas and narrative literature ⓘ |
| usedInPeriod |
10th century
ⓘ
11th century ⓘ 12th century ⓘ |
| writingSystem | Latin script ⓘ |
| writingTradition | manuscript culture ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Middle Irish Description of subject: Middle Irish is the historical stage of the Irish language spoken and written roughly between the 10th and 12th centuries, serving as a bridge between Old Irish and Early Modern Irish.
Referenced by (26)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Middle Gaelic
this entity surface form:
Classical Irish
this entity surface form:
Middle Gaelic
subject surface form:
filid