Special Order 191
E669227
Special Order 191 was a Confederate Civil War directive issued by General Robert E. Lee outlining his army’s movements during the Maryland Campaign, whose accidental discovery by Union forces critically influenced the lead-up to the Battle of South Mountain and Antietam.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Special Order 191 canonical | 2 |
| Order 191 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7504058 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Special Order 191 Context triple: [Battle of South Mountain, relatedDocument, Special Order 191]
-
A.
General Order No. 3
General Order No. 3 was the U.S. Army directive issued in Galveston, Texas, on June 19, 1865, that publicly proclaimed the freedom of enslaved people in Texas and gave rise to the Juneteenth holiday.
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B.
General Order No. 1
General Order No. 1 was the directive issued at the end of World War II that outlined the procedures for the surrender of Japanese forces and the initial occupation arrangements by the Allies.
-
C.
Executive Order 9265
Executive Order 9265 is a World War II–era U.S. presidential directive that authorized the creation of the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal to recognize military service in the Pacific theater.
-
D.
Executive Order 9417
Executive Order 9417 was a World War II–era directive issued by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944 that created the War Refugee Board to aid and rescue civilians, particularly Jews, threatened by Nazi persecution.
-
E.
Executive Order 9419
Executive Order 9419 is a World War II–era U.S. presidential directive issued by Franklin D. Roosevelt that, among other provisions, authorized the creation of the Bronze Star Medal for heroic or meritorious military service.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Special Order 191 Target entity description: Special Order 191 was a Confederate Civil War directive issued by General Robert E. Lee outlining his army’s movements during the Maryland Campaign, whose accidental discovery by Union forces critically influenced the lead-up to the Battle of South Mountain and Antietam.
-
A.
General Order No. 3
General Order No. 3 was the U.S. Army directive issued in Galveston, Texas, on June 19, 1865, that publicly proclaimed the freedom of enslaved people in Texas and gave rise to the Juneteenth holiday.
-
B.
General Order No. 1
General Order No. 1 was the directive issued at the end of World War II that outlined the procedures for the surrender of Japanese forces and the initial occupation arrangements by the Allies.
-
C.
Executive Order 9265
Executive Order 9265 is a World War II–era U.S. presidential directive that authorized the creation of the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal to recognize military service in the Pacific theater.
-
D.
Executive Order 9417
Executive Order 9417 was a World War II–era directive issued by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944 that created the War Refugee Board to aid and rescue civilians, particularly Jews, threatened by Nazi persecution.
-
E.
Executive Order 9419
Executive Order 9419 is a World War II–era U.S. presidential directive issued by Franklin D. Roosevelt that, among other provisions, authorized the creation of the Bronze Star Medal for heroic or meritorious military service.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Confederate military document
ⓘ
military order ⓘ primary source document ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Lee’s Lost Order
ⓘ
Lost Dispatch ⓘ Order 191 ⓘ
linked to:
Special Order 191
|
| archivedIn |
United States National Archives (copy)
ⓘ
linked to:
National Archives and Records Administration
|
| author | Robert E. Lee ⓘ |
| belligerent | Confederate States Army ⓘ |
| campaignPhase | invasion of Maryland ⓘ |
| conflict | American Civil War ⓘ |
| consequence | enabled McClellan to move more aggressively against Lee ⓘ |
| copiesPrepared | multiple copies for subordinate commanders ⓘ |
| dateIssued | September 9, 1862 ⓘ |
| deliveredTo |
Brigadier General Alpheus S. Williams
ⓘ
Major General George B. McClellan ⓘ
linked to:
George McClellan
|
| directedMovementOf |
A. P. Hill’s division
ⓘ
D. H. Hill’s division ⓘ James Longstreet’s command ⓘ John G. Walker’s division ⓘ Lafayette McLaws’s division ⓘ
linked to:
McLaws’s Division
Stonewall Jackson’s command ⓘ |
| effectOn |
Union operational planning in Maryland Campaign
ⓘ
Union understanding of Confederate dispositions ⓘ |
| foundBy | Union soldiers of the 27th Indiana Infantry ⓘ |
| foundDate | September 13, 1862 ⓘ |
| foundNear | Frederick, Maryland ⓘ |
| foundWrappedWith | cigars ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance | considered one of the most famous lost orders in military history ⓘ |
| influenced |
Battle of Antietam
ⓘ
Battle of South Mountain ⓘ |
| issuedBy | Robert E. Lee ⓘ |
| issuedFor | Army of Northern Virginia ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| lostBy | Confederate staff ⓘ |
| orderedMovementToward |
Boonsboro, Maryland
ⓘ
Williamsport, Maryland ⓘ |
| orderedOccupationOf | Hagerstown, Maryland ⓘ |
| orderedOperationAgainst |
Harpers Ferry
ⓘ
linked to:
Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
|
| partOf | Maryland Campaign ⓘ |
| placeIssued | Frederick, Maryland ⓘ |
| purpose |
to divide Confederate forces for operations in Maryland and against Harpers Ferry
ⓘ
to outline movements of the Army of Northern Virginia during the Maryland Campaign ⓘ |
| script | Latin alphabet ⓘ |
| status | classified at time of issue ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Special Order 191 Description of subject: Special Order 191 was a Confederate Civil War directive issued by General Robert E. Lee outlining his army’s movements during the Maryland Campaign, whose accidental discovery by Union forces critically influenced the lead-up to the Battle of South Mountain and Antietam.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Special Order 191