Numantia
E648669
Numantia was an ancient Celtiberian hilltop city in central Spain, renowned for its fierce resistance against Roman conquest during the Numantine Wars.
All labels observed (2)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7198595 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Numantia Context triple: [Celtiberia, majorSettlement, Numantia]
-
A.
Italica
Italica was an ancient Roman city in Hispania (near modern Seville, Spain), notable as the birthplace of emperors Trajan and Hadrian.
-
B.
Caesarobriga
Caesarobriga was the Roman-era settlement that later became the modern Spanish city of Talavera de la Reina.
-
C.
Iruña
Iruña is the Basque name for the city of Pamplona, the historic capital of Navarre in northern Spain.
-
D.
Asturica Augusta
Asturica Augusta was an important Roman city in northwestern Hispania, known today as Astorga in Spain.
-
E.
Barcino
Barcino is the ancient Roman settlement that formed the historical core of present-day Barcelona, whose remains are still visible in the city's Gothic Quarter.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Numantia Target entity description: Numantia was an ancient Celtiberian hilltop city in central Spain, renowned for its fierce resistance against Roman conquest during the Numantine Wars.
-
A.
Italica
Italica was an ancient Roman city in Hispania (near modern Seville, Spain), notable as the birthplace of emperors Trajan and Hadrian.
-
B.
Caesarobriga
Caesarobriga was the Roman-era settlement that later became the modern Spanish city of Talavera de la Reina.
-
C.
Iruña
Iruña is the Basque name for the city of Pamplona, the historic capital of Navarre in northern Spain.
-
D.
Asturica Augusta
Asturica Augusta was an important Roman city in northwestern Hispania, known today as Astorga in Spain.
-
E.
Barcino
Barcino is the ancient Roman settlement that formed the historical core of present-day Barcelona, whose remains are still visible in the city's Gothic Quarter.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Celtiberian settlement
ⓘ
ancient city ⓘ archaeological site ⓘ |
| afterConquest | Romanized settlement ⓘ |
| archaeologicalRemains |
artifacts of Celtiberian culture
ⓘ
defensive walls ⓘ house foundations ⓘ streets ⓘ |
| besiegedBy |
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus
ⓘ
linked to:
Publius Cornelius Scipio
Scipio Aemilianus ⓘ |
| conflict |
Numantine War
ⓘ
linked to:
Celtiberian Wars
|
| country |
Hispania
ⓘ
linked to:
Hispania (probable)
|
| culture | Celtiberian ⓘ |
| defensiveFeature |
fortified walls
ⓘ
hilltop position ⓘ |
| documentedBy |
Appian
ⓘ
Florus ⓘ |
| era | Iron Age ⓘ |
| excavatedBy | Eduardo Saavedra ⓘ |
| excavatedIn | 19th century ⓘ |
| fallDate | 133 BC ⓘ |
| hasNameEtymology | possibly Celtic origin ⓘ |
| heritageStatus | Bien de Interés Cultural ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | 2nd century BC ⓘ |
| inhabitedBy | Arevaci ⓘ |
| knownFor |
Numantine Wars
ⓘ
linked to:
Celtiberian Wars
resistance to Roman conquest ⓘ siege by Scipio Aemilianus ⓘ |
| language |
Celtiberian language
ⓘ
linked to:
Celtiberian
|
| locatedIn |
Castile and León
ⓘ
Celtiberia ⓘ central Spain ⓘ province of Soria ⓘ |
| locatedNear |
city of Soria
ⓘ
modern village of Garray ⓘ |
| modernCountry | Spain ⓘ |
| modernUseOfName |
used for sports clubs in Soria
ⓘ
used in literature as symbol of resistance ⓘ |
| nearRiver |
Duero River
ⓘ
linked to:
Duero
|
| opponent | Roman Republic ⓘ |
| partOf |
Roman–Celtiberian conflicts
ⓘ
linked to:
Celtiberian Wars
|
| region | Meseta Central ⓘ |
| situatedOn | hilltop ⓘ |
| strategicRole | control of upper Duero valley ⓘ |
| symbolOf |
Spanish national identity in later historiography
ⓘ
heroic resistance ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Numantia Description of subject: Numantia was an ancient Celtiberian hilltop city in central Spain, renowned for its fierce resistance against Roman conquest during the Numantine Wars.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Numantia