Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca
E635037
Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca was the last sultan of the Malacca Sultanate, remembered for his resistance against the Portuguese invasion in the early 16th century and his subsequent role in the dispersal of Malay power to successor states.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Mahmud Shah of Malacca | 2 |
| Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6902693 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca Context triple: [Portuguese conquest of Malacca, opposedBy, Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca]
-
A.
Sultan Muhammad bin Miran Shah
Sultan Muhammad bin Miran Shah was a Timurid prince, the son of Miran Shah and a grandson of the empire’s founder Timur, who played a role in the internal dynastic struggles of the Timurid realm.
-
B.
Megat Iskandar Shah
Megat Iskandar Shah is another name for Parameswara, the founder and first ruler of the Malacca Sultanate in the early 15th century.
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C.
Raden Patah
Raden Patah was a Javanese Muslim ruler traditionally regarded as the founder of the first major Islamic kingdom in Java and a key figure in the early spread of Islam in Indonesia.
-
D.
Shah Alam I
Shah Alam I was the Mughal emperor of India from 1707 to 1712, known for his short and turbulent reign following the death of Aurangzeb.
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E.
Parameswara
Parameswara was a 15th-century Sumatran prince who established the port city of Malacca, laying the foundations for one of Southeast Asia’s most important historical sultanates and trading hubs.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca Target entity description: Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca was the last sultan of the Malacca Sultanate, remembered for his resistance against the Portuguese invasion in the early 16th century and his subsequent role in the dispersal of Malay power to successor states.
-
A.
Sultan Muhammad bin Miran Shah
Sultan Muhammad bin Miran Shah was a Timurid prince, the son of Miran Shah and a grandson of the empire’s founder Timur, who played a role in the internal dynastic struggles of the Timurid realm.
-
B.
Megat Iskandar Shah
Megat Iskandar Shah is another name for Parameswara, the founder and first ruler of the Malacca Sultanate in the early 15th century.
-
C.
Raden Patah
Raden Patah was a Javanese Muslim ruler traditionally regarded as the founder of the first major Islamic kingdom in Java and a key figure in the early spread of Islam in Indonesia.
-
D.
Shah Alam I
Shah Alam I was the Mughal emperor of India from 1707 to 1712, known for his short and turbulent reign following the death of Aurangzeb.
-
E.
Parameswara
Parameswara was a 15th-century Sumatran prince who established the port city of Malacca, laying the foundations for one of Southeast Asia’s most important historical sultanates and trading hubs.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (42)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Historical figure
ⓘ
Sultan ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Malay world
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Strait of Malacca NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| attemptedTo | Retake Malacca from the Portuguese ⓘ |
| capital | Malacca NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| conflict | Portuguese conquest of Malacca NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| countryRuled | Malacca Sultanate NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| deathPlace | Johor region (traditional accounts) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| dynasty | Malacca Sultanate royal house NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| ethnicity | Malay ⓘ |
| event | Fall of Malacca in 1511 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| father | Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah of Malacca NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| fledTo |
Bintan
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Kamal NERFINISHED ⓘ Muar NERFINISHED ⓘ Pahang NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| fullName | Mahmud Shah NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| governmentForm | Monarchy ⓘ |
| historicalReputation | Remembered as the last ruler of an important Malay thalassocratic empire ⓘ |
| influenced |
Political development of Johor
ⓘ
Spread of Malay elites to other peninsular and archipelagic polities ⓘ |
| language | Classical Malay ⓘ |
| legacy |
Contributed to the formation of the Johor Sultanate
ⓘ
Symbol of Malay resistance to European colonial powers ⓘ |
| notableFor |
Last sultan of the Malacca Sultanate
ⓘ
Resistance against the Portuguese conquest of Malacca ⓘ Role in dispersal of Malay power to successor states ⓘ |
| opponent |
Afonso de Albuquerque
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Portuguese Empire NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| positionHeld | Sultan of Malacca NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| predecessor | Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah of Malacca NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| region | Malay Peninsula NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| reignEnd | 1511 ⓘ |
| reignStart | 1488 ⓘ |
| religion | Islam ⓘ |
| successorState |
Sultanate of Johor
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Sultanate of Pahang NERFINISHED ⓘ Sultanate of Perak NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| timePeriod |
Early 16th century
ⓘ
Late 15th century ⓘ |
| title | Yang di-Pertuan of Malacca NERFINISHED ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca Description of subject: Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca was the last sultan of the Malacca Sultanate, remembered for his resistance against the Portuguese invasion in the early 16th century and his subsequent role in the dispersal of Malay power to successor states.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Mahmud Shah of Malacca
this entity surface form:
Mahmud Shah of Malacca