Law of Citations of 426 AD
E617920
The Law of Citations of 426 AD was a late Roman imperial decree that standardized legal authority by giving binding weight to the writings of five classical jurists, including Papinian, to guide judicial decisions.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Citation Law of 426 | 1 |
| Law of Citations of 426 AD canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6757320 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Law of Citations of 426 AD Context triple: [Papinian, recognizedBy, Law of Citations of 426 AD]
-
A.
Gratian’s Decretum
Gratian’s Decretum is a 12th-century canon law collection that systematized and harmonized Church legal texts, becoming the foundational textbook for medieval ecclesiastical law.
-
B.
Corpus Juris Civilis
Corpus Juris Civilis is the monumental codification of Roman law ordered by Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, which became a foundational source for many later European legal systems.
-
C.
Augustine’s Laws
Augustine’s Laws is a satirical yet insightful book by aerospace executive Norman R. Augustine that presents a series of humorous “laws” illustrating the economic and managerial absurdities of the defense and aerospace industries.
-
D.
Digest of Justinian
The Digest of Justinian is a 6th-century compilation of Roman legal writings commissioned by Emperor Justinian I that became a foundational text for later civil law traditions.
-
E.
Theodosian Code
The Theodosian Code was a 5th-century compilation of Roman imperial laws commissioned by Emperor Theodosius II that systematized legislation from Constantine onward and became a foundational source for later European legal traditions.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Law of Citations of 426 AD Target entity description: The Law of Citations of 426 AD was a late Roman imperial decree that standardized legal authority by giving binding weight to the writings of five classical jurists, including Papinian, to guide judicial decisions.
-
A.
Gratian’s Decretum
Gratian’s Decretum is a 12th-century canon law collection that systematized and harmonized Church legal texts, becoming the foundational textbook for medieval ecclesiastical law.
-
B.
Corpus Juris Civilis
Corpus Juris Civilis is the monumental codification of Roman law ordered by Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, which became a foundational source for many later European legal systems.
-
C.
Augustine’s Laws
Augustine’s Laws is a satirical yet insightful book by aerospace executive Norman R. Augustine that presents a series of humorous “laws” illustrating the economic and managerial absurdities of the defense and aerospace industries.
-
D.
Digest of Justinian
The Digest of Justinian is a 6th-century compilation of Roman legal writings commissioned by Emperor Justinian I that became a foundational text for later civil law traditions.
-
E.
Theodosian Code
The Theodosian Code was a 5th-century compilation of Roman imperial laws commissioned by Emperor Theodosius II that systematized legislation from Constantine onward and became a foundational source for later European legal traditions.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Roman imperial constitution
ⓘ
late Roman legal decree ⓘ source of Roman law ⓘ |
| appliesIn |
Eastern Roman Empire
ⓘ
linked to:
Byzantine Empire
Western Roman Empire ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Roman advocates
ⓘ
Roman judges ⓘ |
| definesAuthorityOf |
Gaius
ⓘ
Modestinus ⓘ Papinian ⓘ Paulus ⓘ Ulpian ⓘ |
| establishesRule |
Papinian’s opinion prevails when there is no majority among the five jurists
ⓘ
if Papinian is silent and there is no majority, the judge may decide freely ⓘ majority opinion of the five jurists prevails in case of conflict ⓘ only works bearing the names of the five jurists may be cited as authoritative ⓘ only writings of five named jurists have binding authority in court ⓘ writings of other jurists may be used only if quoted by the five jurists ⓘ |
| givesBindingForceTo |
juristic writings of Gaius
ⓘ
juristic writings of Modestinus ⓘ juristic writings of Papinian ⓘ juristic writings of Paulus ⓘ juristic writings of Ulpian ⓘ |
| hasAlternativeName |
Citation Law of 426
ⓘ
linked to:
Law of Citations of 426 AD
Lex citationum ⓘ |
| historicalContext |
late Roman Empire
ⓘ
linked to:
Late Antiquity
period of codification and consolidation of Roman law ⓘ |
| influenced | later Byzantine legal practice ⓘ |
| language | Latin ⓘ |
| legalEffect |
aimed to reduce uncertainty in judicial decision-making
ⓘ
provided hierarchy among classical jurists ⓘ restricted the range of authoritative classical juristic literature ⓘ |
| legalSystem | Roman law ⓘ |
| listsJurists |
Gaius
ⓘ
Modestinus ⓘ Papinian ⓘ Paulus ⓘ Ulpian ⓘ |
| primaryPurpose |
regulation of use of juristic writings in courts
ⓘ
standardization of legal authority ⓘ |
| promulgatedBy |
Theodosius II
ⓘ
Valentinian III ⓘ |
| promulgatedInYear | 426 ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Theodosian Code
ⓘ
classical Roman jurisprudence ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
authority of juristic opinions
ⓘ
judicial use of legal literature ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 5th century AD ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Law of Citations of 426 AD Description of subject: The Law of Citations of 426 AD was a late Roman imperial decree that standardized legal authority by giving binding weight to the writings of five classical jurists, including Papinian, to guide judicial decisions.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Law of Citations of 426 AD