Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

E59461

United Nations treaty international human rights treaty optional protocol

The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty that commits its parties to abolishing the death penalty under international human rights law.

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All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights canonical	5
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty	3
Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR	1
Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T469356 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Context triple: [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, hasOptionalProtocol, Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]

A. First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a treaty that allows individuals to submit complaints to the UN Human Rights Committee alleging violations of the civil and political rights protected by the Covenant.
B. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is a human rights treaty that establishes complaint and inquiry mechanisms allowing individuals and groups to seek international review of alleged violations of their economic, social, and cultural rights.
C. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a key United Nations human rights treaty that legally binds its member states to respect and ensure a broad range of fundamental civil and political freedoms, such as the rights to life, fair trial, expression, assembly, and participation in public affairs.
D. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment is a core United Nations human rights treaty that obliges states to prevent, criminalize, and punish torture and ill-treatment under all circumstances.
E. Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture
The Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture is an international human rights treaty that establishes a system of regular, independent visits to places of detention to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Target entity description: The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty that commits its parties to abolishing the death penalty under international human rights law.

A. First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a treaty that allows individuals to submit complaints to the UN Human Rights Committee alleging violations of the civil and political rights protected by the Covenant.
B. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is a human rights treaty that establishes complaint and inquiry mechanisms allowing individuals and groups to seek international review of alleged violations of their economic, social, and cultural rights.
C. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a key United Nations human rights treaty that legally binds its member states to respect and ensure a broad range of fundamental civil and political freedoms, such as the rights to life, fair trial, expression, assembly, and participation in public affairs.
D. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment is a core United Nations human rights treaty that obliges states to prevent, criminalize, and punish torture and ill-treatment under all circumstances.
E. Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture
The Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture is an international human rights treaty that establishes a system of regular, independent visits to places of detention to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United Nations treaty ⓘ international human rights treaty ⓘ optional protocol ⓘ
adoptedBy	United Nations General Assembly ⓘ
adoptionDate	1989-12-15 ⓘ
adoptionInstrument	United Nations General Assembly resolution 44/128 ⓘ
adoptionPlace	New York City ⓘ
aimsTo	abolish the death penalty ⓘ
allowsReservation	reservation allowing application of the death penalty in time of war for serious military crimes of a military nature ⓘ
articleCount	11 ⓘ
bindingOn	States that have ratified or acceded to it ⓘ
category	UN human rights treaties ⓘ
depositary	Secretary-General of the United Nations ⓘ
enteredIntoForceDate	1991-07-11 ⓘ
entryIntoForceCondition	after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification or accession ⓘ
entryIntoForceMechanism	in accordance with Article 8 of the Protocol ⓘ
goal	progressive development of international human rights law regarding the death penalty ⓘ
language	Arabic ⓘ Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ
legalBasis	Article 41 of the United Nations Charter ⓘ surface form: Article 41 of the Charter of the United Nations
legalNature	multilateral treaty ⓘ
monitoringBody	Human Rights Committee ⓘ
openedForSignatureDate	1989-12-15 ⓘ
partOf	International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ
preambleRefersTo	International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ surface form: Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights desire to enhance the protection of the right to life ⓘ recognition of the inherent dignity of the human person ⓘ
prohibits	execution of persons within the jurisdiction of a State Party ⓘ reintroduction of the death penalty by a State Party once abolished ⓘ
region	global ⓘ
relatedInstrument	First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ
requiresFromStates	not to execute any person within their jurisdiction ⓘ to include abolition of the death penalty in domestic legislation ⓘ to take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty within their jurisdiction ⓘ
reservationConditions	State Party making reservation must notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations of relevant provisions of its national legislation ⓘ reservation must be made at the time of ratification or accession ⓘ
scope	States Parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ
shortName	Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR
statusUnderInternationalLaw	legally binding for its States Parties ⓘ
subjectMatter	abolition of the death penalty ⓘ right to life ⓘ
typeOfObligation	obligation of result regarding abolition of the death penalty ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (10)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights → hasOptionalProtocol → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ

International Bill of Human Rights → composedOf → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ

Human Rights Committee → relatedInstrument → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ

Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights → shortName → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR

Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty → relatedInstrument → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ

this entity surface form: Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

Optional Protocols to core human rights treaties → example → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ

this entity surface form: Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

CCPR → optionalProtocolMonitored → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ

this entity surface form: Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

United Nations General Assembly resolution 44/128 → subject → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ

United Nations General Assembly resolution 44/128 → relatesTo → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ

United Nations General Assembly resolution 44/128 → linkedInstrument → Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ

this entity surface form: Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

All labels observed (4)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (47)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (10)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited