Peganum harmala
E570599
Peganum harmala, commonly known as Syrian rue, is a perennial flowering plant valued for its psychoactive and medicinal alkaloids and traditional use in rituals and folk medicine across the Middle East and Central Asia.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Peganum harmala canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6126993 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Peganum harmala Context triple: [Nitrariaceae, notableGenus, Peganum harmala]
-
A.
Cocculus carolinus
Cocculus carolinus is a woody climbing vine native to the southeastern United States, known for its bright red berries and use as an ornamental plant.
-
B.
Hyoscyamus
Hyoscyamus is a small genus of toxic, psychoactive flowering plants commonly known as henbanes, historically used in medicine and witchcraft for their hallucinogenic and sedative properties.
-
C.
Datura
Datura is a genus of flowering plants known for its large, trumpet-shaped blooms and highly toxic, hallucinogenic properties.
-
D.
Argemone
Argemone is a genus of prickly poppy plants known for their spiny foliage and showy, often yellow or white flowers, native mainly to the Americas.
-
E.
Withania
Withania is a small genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, best known for species like Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), which is widely used in traditional medicine.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Peganum harmala Target entity description: Peganum harmala, commonly known as Syrian rue, is a perennial flowering plant valued for its psychoactive and medicinal alkaloids and traditional use in rituals and folk medicine across the Middle East and Central Asia.
-
A.
Cocculus carolinus
Cocculus carolinus is a woody climbing vine native to the southeastern United States, known for its bright red berries and use as an ornamental plant.
-
B.
Hyoscyamus
Hyoscyamus is a small genus of toxic, psychoactive flowering plants commonly known as henbanes, historically used in medicine and witchcraft for their hallucinogenic and sedative properties.
-
C.
Datura
Datura is a genus of flowering plants known for its large, trumpet-shaped blooms and highly toxic, hallucinogenic properties.
-
D.
Argemone
Argemone is a genus of prickly poppy plants known for their spiny foliage and showy, often yellow or white flowers, native mainly to the Americas.
-
E.
Withania
Withania is a small genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, best known for species like Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), which is widely used in traditional medicine.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (55)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
perennial herb
ⓘ
plant species ⓘ |
| commonName |
African rue
ⓘ
Syrian rue ⓘ wild rue ⓘ |
| containsCompound |
harmaline
ⓘ
harmalol ⓘ harmine ⓘ peganine ⓘ tetrahydroharmine ⓘ vasicinone ⓘ |
| family | Nitrariaceae ⓘ |
| flowerColor | white ⓘ |
| floweringSeason |
spring
ⓘ
summer ⓘ |
| fruitType | capsule ⓘ |
| genus | Peganum ⓘ |
| growthForm |
perennial
ⓘ
subshrub ⓘ |
| habitat |
arid regions
ⓘ
semi-arid steppe ⓘ |
| introducedTo |
Australia
ⓘ
North America ⓘ |
| kingdom | Plantae ⓘ |
| leafType | deeply divided leaves ⓘ |
| legalStatus | regulated or restricted in some countries due to psychoactive properties ⓘ |
| nativeTo |
Central Asia
ⓘ
Middle East ⓘ North Africa ⓘ |
| order | Sapindales ⓘ |
| partUsed |
aerial parts
ⓘ
roots ⓘ seeds ⓘ |
| pharmacologicalProperty |
MAO-A inhibitor
ⓘ
abortifacient potential ⓘ psychoactive ⓘ |
| reproduction | by seed ⓘ |
| soilPreference |
disturbed soils
ⓘ
saline soils ⓘ |
| taxonRank | species ⓘ |
| toxicity | poisonous at high doses ⓘ |
| traditionalUseRegion |
Afghanistan
ⓘ
Iran ⓘ North Africa ⓘ Pakistan ⓘ Turkey ⓘ |
| typicalHeight | 0.3–0.8 m ⓘ |
| usedAs |
anthelmintic in folk medicine
ⓘ
antidepressant in folk medicine ⓘ antimicrobial remedy in folk medicine ⓘ smoke for protection against evil eye ⓘ |
| usedFor |
dye production
ⓘ
folk rituals ⓘ incense ⓘ traditional medicine ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Peganum harmala Description of subject: Peganum harmala, commonly known as Syrian rue, is a perennial flowering plant valued for its psychoactive and medicinal alkaloids and traditional use in rituals and folk medicine across the Middle East and Central Asia.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.