Hisham II
E556642
Hisham II was a 10th–11th century Umayyad caliph of Córdoba whose troubled reign marked the beginning of the decline of the Caliphate of al-Andalus.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Hisham II canonical | 7 |
| Caliph Hisham II | 1 |
| Hisham II al-Mu’ayyad bi-llah | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5629152 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hisham II Context triple: [Umayyad relatives, hasNotableMember, Hisham II]
-
A.
Hisham III
Hisham III was the final Umayyad ruler of the Caliphate of Córdoba, presiding over its decline and eventual collapse in the early 11th century.
-
B.
al-Walid II
Al-Walid II was an Umayyad caliph of the early 8th century whose short and controversial reign contributed to the internal turmoil that weakened the dynasty.
-
C.
al-Muhtadi
Al-Muhtadi was an Abbasid caliph of the 9th century known for his brief, reform-minded reign marked by attempts to restore moral rigor and reduce court corruption during a turbulent period of political instability.
-
D.
al-Hadi
Al-Hadi was an Abbasid caliph of the late 8th century, known for his brief reign and for being the elder brother and immediate predecessor of Harun al-Rashid.
-
E.
al-Mu'tazz
Al-Mu'tazz was an Abbasid caliph of the 9th century whose troubled reign was marked by military dominance over the caliphate and severe internal instability.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hisham II Target entity description: Hisham II was a 10th–11th century Umayyad caliph of Córdoba whose troubled reign marked the beginning of the decline of the Caliphate of al-Andalus.
-
A.
Hisham III
Hisham III was the final Umayyad ruler of the Caliphate of Córdoba, presiding over its decline and eventual collapse in the early 11th century.
-
B.
al-Walid II
Al-Walid II was an Umayyad caliph of the early 8th century whose short and controversial reign contributed to the internal turmoil that weakened the dynasty.
-
C.
al-Muhtadi
Al-Muhtadi was an Abbasid caliph of the 9th century known for his brief, reform-minded reign marked by attempts to restore moral rigor and reduce court corruption during a turbulent period of political instability.
-
D.
al-Hadi
Al-Hadi was an Abbasid caliph of the late 8th century, known for his brief reign and for being the elder brother and immediate predecessor of Harun al-Rashid.
-
E.
al-Mu'tazz
Al-Mu'tazz was an Abbasid caliph of the 9th century whose troubled reign was marked by military dominance over the caliphate and severe internal instability.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Caliph
ⓘ
historical figure ⓘ person ⓘ |
| ascendedToThroneAtAge | 10 ⓘ |
| associatedEvent |
Fitna of al-Andalus
ⓘ
linked to:
Taifas of Al-Andalus
|
| birthDate | 966 ⓘ |
| birthPlace |
Al-Andalus
ⓘ
Córdoba ⓘ |
| capital | Córdoba ⓘ |
| country | Caliphate of Córdoba ⓘ |
| deathDate | early 11th century ⓘ |
| deathPlace | Al-Andalus ⓘ |
| deFactoRulerDuringMinority |
Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Amir
ⓘ
linked to:
Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir
Al-Muzaffar Abd al-Malik ⓘ
linked to:
Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar
|
| dynasty |
Umayyad dynasty of Córdoba
ⓘ
linked to:
Umayyad dynasty of al-Andalus
|
| era |
10th century
ⓘ
11th century ⓘ |
| father | Al-Hakam II ⓘ |
| firstReignEnd | 1009 ⓘ |
| firstReignStart | 976 ⓘ |
| fullName |
Hisham II al-Mu’ayyad bi-llah
ⓘ
linked to:
Hisham II
|
| governmentTypeDuringReign | Caliphate ⓘ |
| historicalRegion | Iberian Peninsula ⓘ |
| house |
Umayyad
ⓘ
linked to:
Umayyad dynasty of al-Andalus
|
| knownFor |
political instability during his reign
ⓘ
weak personal rule ⓘ |
| language | Arabic ⓘ |
| mother | Subh of Córdoba ⓘ |
| notableFor |
being a figurehead under the control of powerful hajibs
ⓘ
being deposed and restored during civil strife in al-Andalus ⓘ reign associated with the beginning of the decline of the Caliphate of Córdoba ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
Caliph of Córdoba
ⓘ
linked to:
Amir of Córdoba
Caliph of al-Andalus ⓘ
linked to:
Umayyad caliphs of Córdoba
|
| predecessor | Al-Hakam II ⓘ |
| regnalName | al-Mu’ayyad bi-llah ⓘ |
| religion |
Islam
ⓘ
Sunni Islam ⓘ |
| secondReignEnd | 1013 ⓘ |
| secondReignStart | 1010 ⓘ |
| style | Amir al-Mu’minin ⓘ |
| successor |
Muhammad II of Córdoba
ⓘ
linked to:
Amir of Córdoba
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam ⓘ |
| territorialEntityRuled | Al-Andalus ⓘ |
| title | Commander of the Faithful ⓘ |
| wasMinorAtAccession | true ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Hisham II Description of subject: Hisham II was a 10th–11th century Umayyad caliph of Córdoba whose troubled reign marked the beginning of the decline of the Caliphate of al-Andalus.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Hisham II