Hisham II
E556642
Hisham II was a 10th–11th century Umayyad caliph of Córdoba whose troubled reign marked the beginning of the decline of the Caliphate of al-Andalus.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Hisham II canonical | 3 |
| Caliph Hisham II | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5629152 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hisham II Context triple: [Umayyad relatives, hasNotableMember, Hisham II]
-
A.
Hisham III
Hisham III was the final Umayyad ruler of the Caliphate of Córdoba, presiding over its decline and eventual collapse in the early 11th century.
-
B.
al-Walid II
Al-Walid II was an Umayyad caliph of the early 8th century whose short and controversial reign contributed to the internal turmoil that weakened the dynasty.
-
C.
al-Muhtadi
Al-Muhtadi was an Abbasid caliph of the 9th century known for his brief, reform-minded reign marked by attempts to restore moral rigor and reduce court corruption during a turbulent period of political instability.
-
D.
al-Hadi
Al-Hadi was an Abbasid caliph of the late 8th century, known for his brief reign and for being the elder brother and immediate predecessor of Harun al-Rashid.
-
E.
al-Mu'tazz
Al-Mu'tazz was an Abbasid caliph of the 9th century whose troubled reign was marked by military dominance over the caliphate and severe internal instability.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hisham II Target entity description: Hisham II was a 10th–11th century Umayyad caliph of Córdoba whose troubled reign marked the beginning of the decline of the Caliphate of al-Andalus.
-
A.
Hisham III
Hisham III was the final Umayyad ruler of the Caliphate of Córdoba, presiding over its decline and eventual collapse in the early 11th century.
-
B.
al-Walid II
Al-Walid II was an Umayyad caliph of the early 8th century whose short and controversial reign contributed to the internal turmoil that weakened the dynasty.
-
C.
al-Muhtadi
Al-Muhtadi was an Abbasid caliph of the 9th century known for his brief, reform-minded reign marked by attempts to restore moral rigor and reduce court corruption during a turbulent period of political instability.
-
D.
al-Hadi
Al-Hadi was an Abbasid caliph of the late 8th century, known for his brief reign and for being the elder brother and immediate predecessor of Harun al-Rashid.
-
E.
al-Mu'tazz
Al-Mu'tazz was an Abbasid caliph of the 9th century whose troubled reign was marked by military dominance over the caliphate and severe internal instability.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Caliph
ⓘ
historical figure ⓘ person ⓘ |
| ascendedToThroneAtAge | 10 ⓘ |
| associatedEvent | Fitna of al-Andalus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| birthDate | 966 ⓘ |
| birthPlace |
Al-Andalus
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Córdoba NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| capital | Córdoba NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| country | Caliphate of Córdoba NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| deathDate | early 11th century ⓘ |
| deathPlace | Al-Andalus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| deFactoRulerDuringMinority |
Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Amir
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Al-Muzaffar Abd al-Malik NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| dynasty | Umayyad dynasty of Córdoba NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| era |
10th century
ⓘ
11th century ⓘ |
| father | Al-Hakam II NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| firstReignEnd | 1009 ⓘ |
| firstReignStart | 976 ⓘ |
| fullName | Hisham II al-Mu’ayyad bi-llah NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| governmentTypeDuringReign | Caliphate ⓘ |
| historicalRegion | Iberian Peninsula NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| house | Umayyad NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| knownFor |
political instability during his reign
ⓘ
weak personal rule ⓘ |
| language | Arabic ⓘ |
| mother | Subh of Córdoba NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| notableFor |
being a figurehead under the control of powerful hajibs
ⓘ
being deposed and restored during civil strife in al-Andalus ⓘ reign associated with the beginning of the decline of the Caliphate of Córdoba ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
Caliph of Córdoba
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Caliph of al-Andalus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| predecessor | Al-Hakam II NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| regnalName | al-Mu’ayyad bi-llah NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| religion |
Islam
ⓘ
Sunni Islam ⓘ |
| secondReignEnd | 1013 ⓘ |
| secondReignStart | 1010 ⓘ |
| style | Amir al-Mu’minin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| successor |
Muhammad II of Córdoba
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| territorialEntityRuled | Al-Andalus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| title | Commander of the Faithful ⓘ |
| wasMinorAtAccession | true ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Hisham II Description of subject: Hisham II was a 10th–11th century Umayyad caliph of Córdoba whose troubled reign marked the beginning of the decline of the Caliphate of al-Andalus.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Caliph Hisham II