Keeling Curve
E540283
The Keeling Curve is a long-term graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations measured at Mauna Loa Observatory that has become a key indicator of human-driven climate change.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Keeling Curve canonical | 1 |
| Mauna Loa CO2 record | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5719070 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Keeling Curve Context triple: [Scripps Institution of Oceanography, knownFor, Keeling Curve]
-
A.
Lovelock
Lovelock is a small city in northwestern Nevada that serves as the county seat and primary community of Pershing County.
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B.
Global Climate Observing System
The Global Climate Observing System is an international program that coordinates and supports comprehensive, long-term observations of the Earth’s climate system to underpin climate research, services, and policy.
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C.
Global 2000
Global 2000 is an annual Forbes ranking that lists the world’s largest publicly traded companies based on a composite score of revenues, profits, assets, and market value.
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D.
Earth System Research Laboratories
Earth System Research Laboratories is a NOAA research organization that studies the atmosphere and related Earth system processes to improve weather, climate, and air quality understanding and prediction.
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E.
Milankovitch cycles
Milankovitch cycles are long-term variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt that drive natural climate fluctuations, including the timing of ice ages.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Keeling Curve Target entity description: The Keeling Curve is a long-term graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations measured at Mauna Loa Observatory that has become a key indicator of human-driven climate change.
-
A.
Lovelock
Lovelock is a small city in northwestern Nevada that serves as the county seat and primary community of Pershing County.
-
B.
Global Climate Observing System
The Global Climate Observing System is an international program that coordinates and supports comprehensive, long-term observations of the Earth’s climate system to underpin climate research, services, and policy.
-
C.
Global 2000
Global 2000 is an annual Forbes ranking that lists the world’s largest publicly traded companies based on a composite score of revenues, profits, assets, and market value.
-
D.
Earth System Research Laboratories
Earth System Research Laboratories is a NOAA research organization that studies the atmosphere and related Earth system processes to improve weather, climate, and air quality understanding and prediction.
-
E.
Milankovitch cycles
Milankovitch cycles are long-term variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt that drive natural climate fluctuations, including the timing of ice ages.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
atmospheric carbon dioxide record
ⓘ
climate change indicator ⓘ |
| dataSource | air samples at Mauna Loa Observatory ⓘ |
| dataType | in situ atmospheric measurements ⓘ |
| developedBy | Charles David Keeling ⓘ |
| hasAlternativeName |
Mauna Loa CO2 record
ⓘ
linked to:
Keeling Curve
|
| hasCategory |
atmospheric science
ⓘ
climate change ⓘ environmental monitoring ⓘ |
| hasCharacteristic |
continuous monitoring
ⓘ
high-precision measurements ⓘ long-term record ⓘ |
| hasGeographicContext |
central Pacific Ocean
ⓘ
linked to:
Central Pacific Ocean
|
| hasInfluenceOn |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments
ⓘ
climate science consensus ⓘ |
| hasMethod | infrared gas analysis ⓘ |
| hasProperty |
background atmospheric conditions
ⓘ
minimal local pollution influence ⓘ |
| hasTemporalCoverageStart | March 1958 ⓘ |
| languageOfName | English ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Hawaii
ⓘ
Mauna Loa Observatory ⓘ United States ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| locatedOn | Mauna Loa ⓘ |
| maintainedBy |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
ⓘ
Scripps Institution of Oceanography ⓘ |
| measurementSite | Mauna Loa Observatory ⓘ |
| measures | atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Charles David Keeling ⓘ |
| notableFor |
evidence of anthropogenic CO2 increase
ⓘ
first high-precision continuous CO2 record ⓘ |
| partOf | global greenhouse gas monitoring network ⓘ |
| shows |
CO2 concentration exceeding 400 parts per million in the 21st century
ⓘ
human-driven climate change signal ⓘ long-term increase in atmospheric CO2 ⓘ seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 ⓘ |
| startDate | 1958 ⓘ |
| timeResolution |
annual averages
ⓘ
daily averages ⓘ monthly averages ⓘ |
| unitOfMeasurement | parts per million ⓘ |
| usedBy |
climate modelers
ⓘ
environmental policymakers ⓘ science educators ⓘ |
| usedFor |
climate change research
ⓘ
climate policy assessment ⓘ public communication of climate change ⓘ |
| visualizedAs | time series graph ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Keeling Curve Description of subject: The Keeling Curve is a long-term graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations measured at Mauna Loa Observatory that has become a key indicator of human-driven climate change.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Keeling Curve