Legio XII Fulminata

E530478

Roman legion

Legio XII Fulminata was a Roman legion, famed for its long service on the eastern frontiers of the empire and its role in various campaigns from the late Republic through the early Imperial period.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Legio XII Fulminata canonical	11
Legio Fulminata	2
Legio XII Fulminatrix	2
Legio XII	1
Legio duodevicesima	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5540768 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Legio XII Fulminata
Context triple: [Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape, RomanInscriptionMentions, Legio XII Fulminata]

A. Legio X Gemina
Legio X Gemina was a distinguished Roman legion, originally formed by Julius Caesar, that served in numerous key military campaigns across the Roman Empire.
B. Legio XX Valeria Victrix
Legio XX Valeria Victrix was a renowned Roman legion, active from the late Republic through the Imperial period, best known for its long service in Britain and participation in major campaigns such as the conquest of Britannia.
C. Legio XV Apollinaris
Legio XV Apollinaris was a Roman imperial legion, active from the late Republic through the early Empire, noted for its participation in eastern campaigns and service under emperors such as Vespasian.
D. Legio VI Victrix
Legio VI Victrix was a distinguished Roman legion, famed for its military successes and long-term role in the conquest and defense of Roman Britain.
E. Legio II Adiutrix
Legio II Adiutrix was a Roman imperial legion, originally raised by Emperor Vespasian in the 1st century AD, that served in various campaigns across the empire and became closely associated with the Danubian frontier.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Legio XII Fulminata
Target entity description: Legio XII Fulminata was a Roman legion, famed for its long service on the eastern frontiers of the empire and its role in various campaigns from the late Republic through the early Imperial period.

A. Legio X Gemina
Legio X Gemina was a distinguished Roman legion, originally formed by Julius Caesar, that served in numerous key military campaigns across the Roman Empire.
B. Legio XX Valeria Victrix
Legio XX Valeria Victrix was a renowned Roman legion, active from the late Republic through the Imperial period, best known for its long service in Britain and participation in major campaigns such as the conquest of Britannia.
C. Legio XV Apollinaris
Legio XV Apollinaris was a Roman imperial legion, active from the late Republic through the early Empire, noted for its participation in eastern campaigns and service under emperors such as Vespasian.
D. Legio VI Victrix
Legio VI Victrix was a distinguished Roman legion, famed for its military successes and long-term role in the conquest and defense of Roman Britain.
E. Legio II Adiutrix
Legio II Adiutrix was a Roman imperial legion, originally raised by Emperor Vespasian in the 1st century AD, that served in various campaigns across the empire and became closely associated with the Danubian frontier.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (51)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Roman legion ⓘ
activePeriod	1st century AD ⓘ 1st century BC ⓘ 2nd century AD ⓘ 3rd century AD ⓘ
allegiance	Rome ⓘ
alternativeName	Legio Fulminata ⓘ linked to: Legio XII Fulminata Legio XII Fulminatrix ⓘ linked to: Legio XII Fulminata Twelfth Thunderbolt Legion ⓘ
country	Roman Empire ⓘ Roman Republic ⓘ
dateOfFormation	58 BC ⓘ
famedFor	long service on the eastern frontiers ⓘ participation in major Roman campaigns from late Republic to early Empire ⓘ
formedDuringConflict	Gallic Wars ⓘ
garrison	Melitene ⓘ
legionNumber	XII ⓘ
namedAfter	Jupiter ⓘ
notableEvent	defeat at Beth Horon during the First Jewish–Roman War ⓘ reorganization and continued service after defeat in Judaea ⓘ
participatedIn	Battle of Beth Horon (66 AD) ⓘ Battle of Bibracte ⓘ Battle of Dyrrhachium ⓘ Battle of Gergovia ⓘ Battle of Pharsalus ⓘ linked to: Pharsalus Battle of Zela ⓘ Caesar’s Civil War ⓘ linked to: Caesar’s civil war First Jewish–Roman War ⓘ linked to: Jewish–Roman wars Gallic Wars ⓘ Jewish–Roman War ⓘ linked to: Jewish–Roman wars Roman–Armenian campaigns ⓘ linked to: Roman–Armenian wars Roman–Parthian Wars ⓘ
primaryTheaterOfOperations	Eastern frontier of the Roman Empire ⓘ
province	Cappadocia ⓘ
raisedBy	Gaius Julius Caesar ⓘ
role	field army ⓘ frontier defense ⓘ
servedUnder	Augustus ⓘ Domitian ⓘ Hadrian ⓘ Julius Caesar ⓘ Tiberius ⓘ Trajan ⓘ Vespasian ⓘ
stationedIn	Armenia Minor ⓘ Cappadocia ⓘ Melitene ⓘ Rhenish frontier ⓘ linked to: Rhine frontier Syria ⓘ
symbol	thunderbolt ⓘ
typeOfUnit	heavy infantry ⓘ

How these facts were elicited