Treaty of 1804 between Sauk and Fox and the United States

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The Treaty of 1804 between the Sauk and Fox tribes and the United States was an early 19th-century agreement in which Native American lands in the Midwest were controversially ceded to the U.S. government, later becoming a major source of dispute leading up to the Black Hawk War.

All labels observed (2)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (46)

Predicate Object
instanceOf treaty
alsoKnownAs 1804 Sauk and Fox treaty
Treaty of St. Louis (1804)
cededTerritory Sauk and Fox lands east of the Mississippi River
lands in present-day Illinois
lands in present-day Missouri
lands in present-day Wisconsin
controversialBecause Sauk and Fox leaders later argued that the signers lacked authority to cede tribal lands
terms were considered unfair and obtained under questionable circumstances
effectOnSaukAndFox increased pressure for relocation west of the Mississippi River
loss of ancestral homelands east of the Mississippi River
followedBy later U.S. treaties reaffirming or modifying boundaries with the Sauk and Fox
geographicRegion Mississippi River valley
Old Northwest
HarrisonRole Governor of Indiana Territory
U.S. Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Indiana Territory
historicalConsequence became a major source of grievance for Black Hawk and his followers
was a key cause leading up to the Black Hawk War
historicalSignificance central document in the history of the Black Hawk War
illustrates early U.S. expansionist policy in the Midwest
jurisdiction United States federal Indian policy
language English
laterDisputedBy Black Hawk
Sauk dissident factions
legalStatusInUSView recognized by the United States as a valid and binding cession of land
negotiatedBy William Henry Harrison
partOf series of U.S. treaties with Native American nations in the Old Northwest
party Fox tribe
linked to: Fox Tribe

Sauk tribe
linked to: Sauk people

United States government
providedFor annual annuities to the Sauk and Fox
cession of large tracts of Native American land in the Midwest to the United States
establishment of a defined boundary between U.S. territory and Sauk and Fox lands
payment in goods and money to the Sauk and Fox
permission for the Sauk and Fox to continue hunting on ceded lands until sold by the United States
relatedConflict Black Hawk War
signatory Meskwaki (Fox) Nation
linked to: Meskwaki (Fox)

Sauk (Sac) Nation
linked to: Sauk people

United States of America
signedAt St. Louis, Missouri Territory
signingDate 1804-11-03
subjectMatter U.S.–Native American relations
land cession
sovereignty and territorial rights
timePeriod early 19th century
usedByUSAs legal justification for removal of Sauk and Fox from Illinois

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (2)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Fox Tribe treatyParty Treaty of 1804 between Sauk and Fox and the United States
Treaty of 1804 between Sauk and Fox and the United States alsoKnownAs 1804 Sauk and Fox treaty
linked to: Treaty of 1804 between Sauk and Fox and the United States