Treaty of Zuhab

E509462

historical event peace treaty

The Treaty of Zuhab was a 1639 peace agreement between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia that largely fixed the modern border between Turkey and Iran and ended a long period of Ottoman–Safavid rivalry.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Treaty of Zuhab canonical	5
Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin	2

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5281172 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of Zuhab
Context triple: [Ottoman–Safavid conflict, keyTreaty, Treaty of Zuhab]

A. Treaty of Jaffa
The Treaty of Jaffa was a 1192 peace agreement between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin that ended the Third Crusade by confirming Muslim control of Jerusalem while allowing Christian pilgrims access to the city.
B. Treaty of Fez
The Treaty of Fez was a 1912 agreement that made Morocco a French protectorate, marking the beginning of formal French colonial rule over the country.
C. Treaty of Hasan–Muawiya
The Treaty of Hasan–Muawiya was a pivotal 7th-century agreement in early Islamic history by which Hasan ibn Ali ceded political authority to Muawiya I, effectively ending a civil conflict and paving the way for the Umayyad Caliphate.
D. Treaty of Alcaraz
The Treaty of Alcaraz was a 1243 agreement by which the Muslim-ruled Kingdom of Murcia accepted vassalage to the Crown of Castile, marking a key step in the Christian Reconquista of southeastern Iberia.
E. Treaty of Ardres
The Treaty of Ardres was a 1546 peace agreement between France and England that ended one phase of the Italian Wars by confirming English possession of Boulogne for a limited period in exchange for French payments.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of Zuhab
Target entity description: The Treaty of Zuhab was a 1639 peace agreement between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia that largely fixed the modern border between Turkey and Iran and ended a long period of Ottoman–Safavid rivalry.

A. Treaty of Jaffa
The Treaty of Jaffa was a 1192 peace agreement between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin that ended the Third Crusade by confirming Muslim control of Jerusalem while allowing Christian pilgrims access to the city.
B. Treaty of Fez
The Treaty of Fez was a 1912 agreement that made Morocco a French protectorate, marking the beginning of formal French colonial rule over the country.
C. Treaty of Hasan–Muawiya
The Treaty of Hasan–Muawiya was a pivotal 7th-century agreement in early Islamic history by which Hasan ibn Ali ceded political authority to Muawiya I, effectively ending a civil conflict and paving the way for the Umayyad Caliphate.
D. Treaty of Alcaraz
The Treaty of Alcaraz was a 1243 agreement by which the Muslim-ruled Kingdom of Murcia accepted vassalage to the Crown of Castile, marking a key step in the Christian Reconquista of southeastern Iberia.
E. Treaty of Ardres
The Treaty of Ardres was a 1546 peace agreement between France and England that ended one phase of the Italian Wars by confirming English possession of Boulogne for a limited period in exchange for French payments.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (44)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	historical event ⓘ peace treaty ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin ⓘ linked to: Treaty of Zuhab
category	17th-century treaties ⓘ Iran–Turkey border ⓘ Iraq–Iran relations ⓘ linked to: Iran–Iraq relations Treaties of Safavid Iran ⓘ Treaties of the Ottoman Empire ⓘ Turkey–Iran relations ⓘ
countryOfSigning	Safavid Persia ⓘ linked to: Safavid Empire
dateSigned	1639 ⓘ
endedConflict	Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–1639) ⓘ linked to: Ottoman–Safavid conflict Ottoman–Safavid rivalry ⓘ
followed	Treaty of Amasya ⓘ linked to: Peace of Amasya Treaty of Nasuh Pasha ⓘ Treaty of Serav ⓘ
hasApproximateLocation	near the modern Iran–Iraq border ⓘ
hasConsequence	reduction of large-scale Ottoman–Safavid wars ⓘ stabilization of frontiers in Mesopotamia and the Caucasus ⓘ
hasLongTermEffectOn	Iraq–Iran border ⓘ linked to: Iran–Iraq border region Turkey–Iran border ⓘ linked to: Iran–Turkey border Turkey–Iraq border ⓘ linked to: Iraq–Turkey border
languageOfDocument	Ottoman Turkish ⓘ Persian ⓘ
partOf	Ottoman–Safavid relations ⓘ history of Safavid Iran ⓘ history of the Ottoman Empire ⓘ
resultedIn	Ottoman control over Baghdad ⓘ Ottoman control over most of Iraq ⓘ Persian control over Azerbaijan (Safavid province) ⓘ Persian control over eastern Armenia ⓘ Persian control over eastern Caucasus regions ⓘ Persian control over eastern Georgia ⓘ Persian control over parts of Dagestan ⓘ demarcation of much of the modern Turkey–Iran border ⓘ establishment of a stable frontier between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia ⓘ
signedAt	Qasr-e Shirin ⓘ Zuhab ⓘ
signedBetween	Ottoman Empire ⓘ Safavid Empire ⓘ Safavid Persia ⓘ linked to: Safavid Empire
signedBy	representatives of Shah Safi ⓘ representatives of Sultan Murad IV ⓘ
timePeriod	Early modern period ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (7)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Ottoman–Safavid conflict → keyTreaty → Treaty of Zuhab ⓘ

Treaty of Zuhab → alsoKnownAs → Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Zuhab

Persian frontiers → shapedBy → Treaty of Zuhab ⓘ

Treaty of Serav → followedBy → Treaty of Zuhab ⓘ

Murad IV → treaty → Treaty of Zuhab ⓘ

Iran–Turkey border → establishedByTreaty → Treaty of Zuhab ⓘ

Iran–Turkey border → establishedByTreaty → Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin ⓘ