Caspian tern
E476652
The Caspian tern is a large, powerful seabird and the world’s biggest tern species, known for its stout red bill and wide distribution across coastal and inland waters worldwide.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Caspian tern canonical | 4 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4854604 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Caspian tern Context triple: [Dassen Island, fauna, Caspian tern]
-
A.
River Tern
The River Tern is a river in Shropshire, England, known as a tributary of the River Severn flowing through rural landscapes and historic market towns.
-
B.
Audouin's gull
Audouin's gull is a rare Mediterranean seabird species known for its pale plumage, dark bill, and conservation-dependent breeding colonies along coastal and island habitats.
-
C.
Antarctic tern
The Antarctic tern is a small, migratory seabird of polar regions, known for its graceful flight, long-distance movements, and nesting on rocky Antarctic and sub-Antarctic coasts and islands.
-
D.
Kentish plover
The Kentish plover is a small, pale shorebird of sandy coasts and salt flats, known for its quick, darting movements and widespread breeding across Eurasia and North Africa.
-
E.
Hartlaub's gull
Hartlaub's gull is a small, coastal gull species native to southern Africa, commonly found along the Atlantic shores and islands such as Dassen Island.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Caspian tern Target entity description: The Caspian tern is a large, powerful seabird and the world’s biggest tern species, known for its stout red bill and wide distribution across coastal and inland waters worldwide.
-
A.
River Tern
The River Tern is a river in Shropshire, England, known as a tributary of the River Severn flowing through rural landscapes and historic market towns.
-
B.
Audouin's gull
Audouin's gull is a rare Mediterranean seabird species known for its pale plumage, dark bill, and conservation-dependent breeding colonies along coastal and island habitats.
-
C.
Antarctic tern
The Antarctic tern is a small, migratory seabird of polar regions, known for its graceful flight, long-distance movements, and nesting on rocky Antarctic and sub-Antarctic coasts and islands.
-
D.
Kentish plover
The Kentish plover is a small, pale shorebird of sandy coasts and salt flats, known for its quick, darting movements and widespread breeding across Eurasia and North Africa.
-
E.
Hartlaub's gull
Hartlaub's gull is a small, coastal gull species native to southern Africa, commonly found along the Atlantic shores and islands such as Dassen Island.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (57)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
bird species
ⓘ
seabird ⓘ tern ⓘ |
| authority | Pallas, 1770 ⓘ |
| averageBodyLength | 48–60 cm ⓘ |
| averageMass | 500–700 g ⓘ |
| averageWingspan | 127–145 cm ⓘ |
| billColor | red ⓘ |
| billDescription | large stout slightly drooped bill ⓘ |
| binomialName | Hydroprogne caspia ⓘ |
| breedingHabitat |
coastal islands
ⓘ
inland lake islands ⓘ sand or gravel beaches ⓘ |
| breedingPlumageFeature | full black cap extending to nape ⓘ |
| breedingRange |
Africa
ⓘ
Asia ⓘ Europe ⓘ North America ⓘ |
| capColorInBreeding | black ⓘ |
| class | Aves ⓘ |
| clutchSize | 1–3 eggs ⓘ |
| eggColor | cream to buff with dark blotches ⓘ |
| family | Laridae ⓘ |
| foragingHabitat |
coastal waters
ⓘ
large lakes ⓘ rivers ⓘ |
| foragingMethod | plunge-diving ⓘ |
| genus | Hydroprogne ⓘ |
| isLargestSpeciesOf | terns ⓘ |
| IUCNStatus | Least Concern ⓘ |
| IUCNStatusSystem |
IUCN Red List
ⓘ
linked to:
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
|
| kingdom | Animalia ⓘ |
| legColor | black ⓘ |
| migrationPattern | migratory in most of range ⓘ |
| nestType | ground scrape ⓘ |
| nonBreedingPlumageFeature | white forehead with streaked crown ⓘ |
| nonBreedingRange | coasts of subtropical and tropical oceans ⓘ |
| occursIn |
Baltic Sea
ⓘ
Black Sea ⓘ Caspian Sea region ⓘ Great Lakes region ⓘ Mediterranean Sea ⓘ |
| order | Charadriiformes ⓘ |
| parentalCare | biparental ⓘ |
| phylum | Chordata ⓘ |
| primaryDiet | fish ⓘ |
| secondaryDiet | aquatic invertebrates ⓘ |
| socialBehavior | colonial nester ⓘ |
| tailShape | slightly forked tail ⓘ |
| taxonRank | species ⓘ |
| threats |
habitat loss
ⓘ
human disturbance at colonies ⓘ pollution ⓘ predation at nesting sites ⓘ |
| underpartsColor | white ⓘ |
| upperpartsColor | pale grey ⓘ |
| vocalizationDescription | loud harsh croaking calls ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Caspian tern Description of subject: The Caspian tern is a large, powerful seabird and the world’s biggest tern species, known for its stout red bill and wide distribution across coastal and inland waters worldwide.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.