Tula (Tollan)
E459147
Tula (Tollan) was a major Toltec urban and ceremonial center in central Mexico, renowned for its monumental architecture and influence on later Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Aztecs.
All labels observed (7)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Tollan | 5 |
| Tollan-Xicocotitlan | 2 |
| Tula (Tollan) canonical | 2 |
| Toltec capital of Tollan (Tula) | 1 |
| Toltec urban center at Tula | 1 |
| ancient city of Tula | 1 |
| city of Tollan | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4619306 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tula (Tollan) Context triple: [Postclassic period of Mesoamerica, hasCapitalCity, Tula (Tollan)]
-
A.
Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec Empire, a vast and sophisticated metropolis built on an island in Lake Texcoco in central Mexico.
-
B.
Tláhuac
Tláhuac is a largely semi-rural borough in the southeastern part of Mexico City, known for its chinampas (traditional canal-based agriculture) and rapid urbanization.
-
C.
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán is a major Olmec archaeological site in southern Mexico, renowned for its colossal stone heads and status as one of Mesoamerica’s earliest urban centers.
-
D.
Capulhuac
Capulhuac is a municipality in the State of Mexico known for its traditional chorizo production and proximity to Toluca.
-
E.
Cuicuilco
Cuicuilco is an ancient pre-Columbian archaeological site in the Valley of Mexico, notable for its large circular pyramid and status as one of the region’s earliest urban centers.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tula (Tollan) Target entity description: Tula (Tollan) was a major Toltec urban and ceremonial center in central Mexico, renowned for its monumental architecture and influence on later Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Aztecs.
-
A.
Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec Empire, a vast and sophisticated metropolis built on an island in Lake Texcoco in central Mexico.
-
B.
Tláhuac
Tláhuac is a largely semi-rural borough in the southeastern part of Mexico City, known for its chinampas (traditional canal-based agriculture) and rapid urbanization.
-
C.
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán is a major Olmec archaeological site in southern Mexico, renowned for its colossal stone heads and status as one of Mesoamerica’s earliest urban centers.
-
D.
Capulhuac
Capulhuac is a municipality in the State of Mexico known for its traditional chorizo production and proximity to Toluca.
-
E.
Cuicuilco
Cuicuilco is an ancient pre-Columbian archaeological site in the Valley of Mexico, notable for its large circular pyramid and status as one of the region’s earliest urban centers.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Mesoamerican city
ⓘ
ancient city ⓘ archaeological site ⓘ |
| architecturalFeature |
Atlantean warrior columns
ⓘ
linked to:
Colossal Heads
chacmool sculptures ⓘ serpent columns ⓘ |
| architecturalStyle | Toltec style ⓘ |
| associatedDeity |
Quetzalcoatl
ⓘ
Tezcatlipoca ⓘ |
| capitalOf | Toltec state ⓘ |
| country | Mexico ⓘ |
| culture | Toltec civilization ⓘ |
| decline | abandoned by the 12th century CE ⓘ |
| discoveredByArchaeology | 19th century explorers ⓘ |
| distanceFromMexicoCity | approximately 70–90 km northwest ⓘ |
| economicRole | regional trade center ⓘ |
| estimatedPopulationPeak | tens of thousands of inhabitants ⓘ |
| floruit | c. 900–1150 CE ⓘ |
| function |
ceremonial center
ⓘ
urban center ⓘ |
| hasPart |
Burnt Palace
ⓘ
Pyramid B ⓘ Pyramid C ⓘ Tula Chico ⓘ Tula Grande ⓘ
linked to:
Tula
ballcourts ⓘ colonnaded halls ⓘ palatial complexes ⓘ plazas ⓘ residential zones ⓘ |
| influenced |
Aztec architecture
ⓘ
Aztec imperial ideology ⓘ Tenochtitlan ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Hidalgo
ⓘ
Tula de Allende ⓘ central Mexico ⓘ |
| majorExcavations | 20th century ⓘ |
| materialCulture |
obsidian artifacts
ⓘ
polychrome murals ⓘ stone sculpture ⓘ |
| mythologicalRole | legendary Tollan of later Mesoamerican traditions ⓘ |
| otherName |
Tollan
ⓘ
linked to:
Tula (Tollan)
Tollan-Xicocotitlan ⓘ
linked to:
Tula (Tollan)
|
| region |
Central Highlands of Mexico
ⓘ
linked to:
Mexican Plateau
|
| religiousRole | major Toltec cult center ⓘ |
| timePeriod |
Early Postclassic period
ⓘ
Epiclassic period ⓘ |
| UNESCOStatus | on the Tentative List of World Heritage Sites (Mexico) ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Tula (Tollan) Description of subject: Tula (Tollan) was a major Toltec urban and ceremonial center in central Mexico, renowned for its monumental architecture and influence on later Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Aztecs.
Referenced by (13)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)
linked to: Tula (Tollan)