SHA-2
E434687
SHA-2 is a family of cryptographic hash functions widely used for data integrity, digital signatures, and security protocols on the internet.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| SHA-2 canonical | 13 |
| SHA-224 | 2 |
| SHA-384 | 2 |
| SHA-512 | 2 |
| FIPS 180-4 | 1 |
| SHA-2 family | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4381642 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: SHA-2 Context triple: [Merkle–Damgård construction, usedIn, SHA-2]
-
A.
SHA-256
SHA-256 is a widely used cryptographic hash function from the SHA-2 family that produces a 256-bit hash value for securing data integrity and authentication.
-
B.
RIPEMD-160
RIPEMD-160 is a 160-bit cryptographic hash function designed as an alternative to SHA-1, commonly used for data integrity and security applications.
-
C.
Merkle–Damgård construction
The Merkle–Damgård construction is a fundamental method for building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions from fixed-size compression functions, used in many classic hash algorithms like MD5 and SHA-1.
-
D.
SHA
SHA is the IATA airport code for Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, a major domestic and regional aviation hub serving Shanghai, China.
-
E.
SHA
SHA is the commonly used abbreviation for the School of Hospitality Administration, an academic institution focused on hospitality and related fields.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: SHA-2 Target entity description: SHA-2 is a family of cryptographic hash functions widely used for data integrity, digital signatures, and security protocols on the internet.
-
A.
SHA-256
SHA-256 is a widely used cryptographic hash function from the SHA-2 family that produces a 256-bit hash value for securing data integrity and authentication.
-
B.
RIPEMD-160
RIPEMD-160 is a 160-bit cryptographic hash function designed as an alternative to SHA-1, commonly used for data integrity and security applications.
-
C.
Merkle–Damgård construction
The Merkle–Damgård construction is a fundamental method for building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions from fixed-size compression functions, used in many classic hash algorithms like MD5 and SHA-1.
-
D.
SHA
SHA is the IATA airport code for Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, a major domestic and regional aviation hub serving Shanghai, China.
-
E.
SHA
SHA is the commonly used abbreviation for the School of Hospitality Administration, an academic institution focused on hospitality and related fields.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | cryptographic hash function family ⓘ |
| basedOn | Merkle–Damgård construction ⓘ |
| blockSizeBits |
1024
ⓘ
512 ⓘ |
| category | secure hash algorithm ⓘ |
| collisionAttackKnown | no practical collisions known as of 2024 ⓘ |
| comparedTo | more secure than SHA-1 ⓘ |
| compressionFunctionType |
Davies–Meyer
ⓘ
linked to:
Davies–Meyer compression function
|
| definedIn | Secure Hash Standard ⓘ |
| designedFor |
data integrity
ⓘ
digital signatures ⓘ message authentication ⓘ |
| developedBy | National Security Agency ⓘ |
| hashLengthRangeBits | 224–512 ⓘ |
| includesVariant |
SHA-224
ⓘ
linked to:
SHA-2
SHA-256 ⓘ SHA-384 ⓘ SHA-512 ⓘ
linked to:
SHA-2
SHA-512/224 ⓘ SHA-512/256 ⓘ |
| introducedInYear | 2001 ⓘ |
| namespace | SHA family ⓘ |
| outputType | fixed-length hash value ⓘ |
| partOfStandard | FIPS 180-4 ⓘ |
| predecessor | SHA-1 ⓘ |
| property |
collision resistance
ⓘ
preimage resistance ⓘ second preimage resistance ⓘ |
| recommendedBy | security standards bodies for general-purpose hashing ⓘ |
| replaces | weakened SHA-1 in many applications ⓘ |
| standardizedBy | NIST ⓘ |
| status | widely deployed ⓘ |
| successor |
SHA-3
ⓘ
linked to:
Keccak
|
| usedFor |
HMAC
ⓘ
digital certificate signatures ⓘ password hashing (with salting and key stretching) ⓘ |
| usedIn |
Bitcoin
ⓘ
IPsec ⓘ PGP ⓘ SSH ⓘ SSL ⓘ TLS ⓘ X.509 certificates ⓘ blockchain systems ⓘ code signing ⓘ |
| usesOperation |
bit rotations
ⓘ
bitwise logical operations ⓘ modular addition ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: SHA-2 Description of subject: SHA-2 is a family of cryptographic hash functions widely used for data integrity, digital signatures, and security protocols on the internet.
Referenced by (21)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: SHA-2
linked to: SHA-2
linked to: SHA-2
linked to: SHA-2
linked to: SHA-2
linked to: SHA-2