Time on the Cross
E431729
Time on the Cross is a controversial economic history book that uses quantitative methods to reassess the economics and efficiency of American slavery.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Time on the Cross canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4329512 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Time on the Cross Context triple: [Robert Fogel, notableWork, Time on the Cross]
-
A.
The Blacker the Berry
The Blacker the Berry is a 1929 novel by Wallace Thurman that explores colorism and intra-racial prejudice within the African American community during the Harlem Renaissance.
-
B.
Blues People
Blues People is a seminal 1963 work of cultural criticism by Amiri Baraka that traces the history of African American music as a lens on Black experience and U.S. social history.
-
C.
Black, Brown and Beige
Black, Brown and Beige is a landmark jazz composition by Duke Ellington, conceived as an extended orchestral suite that chronicles the African American experience in the United States.
-
D.
Godfather of Soul
Godfather of Soul is the iconic honorific title given to James Brown, recognizing his pioneering influence on soul, funk, and popular music.
-
E.
Empress of the Blues
Empress of the Blues is the honorific title given to legendary American blues singer Bessie Smith, renowned for her powerful voice and major influence on early 20th-century music.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Time on the Cross Target entity description: Time on the Cross is a controversial economic history book that uses quantitative methods to reassess the economics and efficiency of American slavery.
-
A.
The Blacker the Berry
The Blacker the Berry is a 1929 novel by Wallace Thurman that explores colorism and intra-racial prejudice within the African American community during the Harlem Renaissance.
-
B.
Blues People
Blues People is a seminal 1963 work of cultural criticism by Amiri Baraka that traces the history of African American music as a lens on Black experience and U.S. social history.
-
C.
Black, Brown and Beige
Black, Brown and Beige is a landmark jazz composition by Duke Ellington, conceived as an extended orchestral suite that chronicles the African American experience in the United States.
-
D.
Godfather of Soul
Godfather of Soul is the iconic honorific title given to James Brown, recognizing his pioneering influence on soul, funk, and popular music.
-
E.
Empress of the Blues
Empress of the Blues is the honorific title given to legendary American blues singer Bessie Smith, renowned for her powerful voice and major influence on early 20th-century music.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (41)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
book
ⓘ
economic history book ⓘ non-fiction book ⓘ |
| author |
Robert William Fogel
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Stanley L. Engerman NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| awarded | Bancroft Prize NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| awardYear | 1975 ⓘ |
| controversy |
accusations of minimizing the brutality of slavery
ⓘ
disputes over data quality and interpretation ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| criticizedBy |
Eugene D. Genovese
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Herbert G. Gutman NERFINISHED ⓘ many historians of slavery ⓘ |
| focusesOnRegion | American South NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| genre |
American history
ⓘ
economic history ⓘ |
| hasISBN | 978-0-316-29101-8 ⓘ |
| hasPart |
Time on the Cross: Evidence and Methods
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| influenced |
debates on the economics of slavery
ⓘ
development of cliometric approaches to slavery ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| libraryOfCongressClassification | E443 ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
economics of slavery
ⓘ
plantation economy ⓘ slavery in the United States ⓘ |
| mediaType | print ⓘ |
| notableFor |
controversial claims about the efficiency of slavery
ⓘ
revisionist interpretation of American slavery ⓘ use of econometric models in historical analysis ⓘ |
| pageCount | approximately 300 ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
argues that material conditions of some slaves were better than previously portrayed
ⓘ
argues that slave plantations were as efficient or more efficient than free farms ⓘ argues that slavery was economically efficient for slaveholders ⓘ |
| publicationYear | 1974 ⓘ |
| publisher | Little, Brown and Company NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedWork | Without Consent or Contract NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| setInPeriod | antebellum United States NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| usesMethod |
cliometrics
ⓘ
quantitative analysis ⓘ statistical analysis ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Time on the Cross Description of subject: Time on the Cross is a controversial economic history book that uses quantitative methods to reassess the economics and efficiency of American slavery.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.