19-840
E412570
19-840 is the U.S. Supreme Court case California v. Texas, which challenged the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate after Congress reduced the tax penalty to zero.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| 19-840 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4089785 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 19-840 Context triple: [California v. Texas, docketNumber, 19-840]
-
A.
N84
N84 is a regional road that serves as a key junction route connecting to the town of Bastogne in Belgium.
-
B.
B190
B190 is the ICAO aircraft type designator for the Beechcraft 1900, a twin-engine turboprop regional airliner commonly used for commuter and cargo operations.
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C.
84-851
84-851 is a United States federal statute enacted by the 84th Congress, identified by its public law number in the body of U.S. public laws.
-
D.
91-902
91-902 is the U.S. Supreme Court docket number for Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the landmark 1992 abortion rights case that reaffirmed and modified Roe v. Wade.
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E.
808
The 808 is a legendary Roland drum machine whose distinctive synthesized sounds have profoundly shaped hip-hop, electronic, and pop music.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 19-840 Target entity description: 19-840 is the U.S. Supreme Court case California v. Texas, which challenged the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate after Congress reduced the tax penalty to zero.
-
A.
N84
N84 is a regional road that serves as a key junction route connecting to the town of Bastogne in Belgium.
-
B.
B190
B190 is the ICAO aircraft type designator for the Beechcraft 1900, a twin-engine turboprop regional airliner commonly used for commuter and cargo operations.
-
C.
84-851
84-851 is a United States federal statute enacted by the 84th Congress, identified by its public law number in the body of U.S. public laws.
-
D.
91-902
91-902 is the U.S. Supreme Court docket number for Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the landmark 1992 abortion rights case that reaffirmed and modified Roe v. Wade.
-
E.
808
The 808 is a legendary Roland drum machine whose distinctive synthesized sounds have profoundly shaped hip-hop, electronic, and pop music.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | United States Supreme Court case ⓘ |
| argumentDate | November 10, 2020 ⓘ |
| caseName | California v. Texas ⓘ |
| citation | 593 U.S. ___ (2021) ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision |
Article III of the United States Constitution
ⓘ
Commerce Clause ⓘ
surface form:
Commerce Clause (invoked in arguments and background)
Taxing and Spending Clause (invoked in arguments and background) ⓘ |
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | June 17, 2021 ⓘ |
| dissentingJustice |
Neil M. Gorsuch
ⓘ
Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ
surface form:
Samuel A. Alito, Jr.
|
| dissentType | dissenting opinion ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 19-840 ⓘ |
| effect | Left the Affordable Care Act in place without deciding the constitutionality of the zero-penalty individual mandate ⓘ |
| holding |
Because plaintiffs lacked standing, the Court did not reach the merits of the constitutional or severability questions
ⓘ
Plaintiffs lacked Article III standing to challenge the minimum essential coverage provision of the Affordable Care Act ⓘ |
| issue |
Constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate after the tax penalty was reduced to zero
ⓘ
Whether plaintiffs had Article III standing to challenge the individual mandate ⓘ Whether the individual mandate, if unconstitutional, was severable from the rest of the Affordable Care Act ⓘ |
| joinedByInMajority |
Amy Coney Barrett
ⓘ
Brett M. Kavanaugh ⓘ Clarence Thomas ⓘ Elena Kagan ⓘ John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ
surface form:
John G. Roberts, Jr.
Neil M. Gorsuch ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ
surface form:
Samuel A. Alito, Jr.
Sonia Sotomayor ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | United States federal law ⓘ |
| legalSubject |
Affordable Care Act
ⓘ
individual mandate ⓘ severability ⓘ standing ⓘ |
| lowerCourt | United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ⓘ |
| lowerCourtHolding | Individual mandate was unconstitutional and further analysis was required on severability ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| outcome | Judgment of the Court of Appeals was vacated and the case was remanded with instructions to dismiss ⓘ |
| petitioner |
Other states and parties supporting the Affordable Care Act
ⓘ
California, United States ⓘ
surface form:
State of California
|
| proceduralPosture | On certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
King v. Burwell
ⓘ
NFIB v. Sebelius ⓘ
surface form:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
|
| relatedStatute |
26 U.S.C. § 5000A
ⓘ
Affordable Care Act ⓘ
surface form:
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ⓘ |
| respondent |
Other states and individuals challenging the Affordable Care Act
ⓘ
Texas ⓘ
surface form:
State of Texas
|
| subjectMatter |
federal health care reform
ⓘ
federal taxation and penalties ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act era challenges to the Affordable Care Act ⓘ |
| vote | 7-2 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: 19-840 Description of subject: 19-840 is the U.S. Supreme Court case California v. Texas, which challenged the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate after Congress reduced the tax penalty to zero.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.