Islamic State of Iraq and Syria

E41227

Salafi-jihadist group jihadist militant group non-state armed group terrorist organization

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a jihadist militant group and former self-proclaimed caliphate known for its extreme violence, terrorist attacks, and control of territory in Iraq and Syria during the 2010s.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (20)

Label	Occurrences
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant	70
ISIL	12
Islamic State	11
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria canonical	9
Daesh	6
Islamic State of Iraq	5
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)	2
Islamic State (ISIL)	1
Islamic State core territory in Iraq and Syria	1
Islamic State group	1
Islamic State group (ISIS)	1
Islamic State insurgency	1
Islamic State insurgency in Iraq	1
Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham	1
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (historical period)	1
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya	1
Islamic State operations in Iraq and Syria	1
Islamic state	1
self-proclaimed Islamic State caliphate	1
الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T319806 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
Context triple: [Operation Shader, belligerentTarget, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria]

A. Islamic State – Khorasan Province
Islamic State – Khorasan Province is a regional branch of the Islamic State militant group active mainly in Afghanistan and Pakistan, known for insurgent attacks, terrorism, and opposition to both Western forces and the Taliban.
B. al-Qaeda in Iraq
Al-Qaeda in Iraq was a Sunni Islamist militant organization that emerged after the 2003 U.S. invasion, becoming one of the most violent insurgent groups in the country and a precursor to the Islamic State (ISIS).
C. al-Qaeda
al-Qaeda is a militant Islamist extremist organization known for orchestrating major terrorist attacks worldwide, including the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States.
D. Hamas
Hamas is a Palestinian Islamist militant and political organization that governs the Gaza Strip and is known for its armed resistance against Israel.
E. Hezbollah
Hezbollah is a Lebanon-based Shiite Islamist political and militant organization backed by Iran, known for its armed resistance against Israel and significant influence in Lebanese politics.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
Target entity description: The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a jihadist militant group and former self-proclaimed caliphate known for its extreme violence, terrorist attacks, and control of territory in Iraq and Syria during the 2010s.

A. Islamic State – Khorasan Province
Islamic State – Khorasan Province is a regional branch of the Islamic State militant group active mainly in Afghanistan and Pakistan, known for insurgent attacks, terrorism, and opposition to both Western forces and the Taliban.
B. al-Qaeda in Iraq
Al-Qaeda in Iraq was a Sunni Islamist militant organization that emerged after the 2003 U.S. invasion, becoming one of the most violent insurgent groups in the country and a precursor to the Islamic State (ISIS).
C. al-Qaeda
al-Qaeda is a militant Islamist extremist organization known for orchestrating major terrorist attacks worldwide, including the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States.
D. Hamas
Hamas is a Palestinian Islamist militant and political organization that governs the Gaza Strip and is known for its armed resistance against Israel.
E. Hezbollah
Hezbollah is a Lebanon-based Shiite Islamist political and militant organization backed by Iran, known for its armed resistance against Israel and significant influence in Lebanese politics.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (87)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Salafi-jihadist group ⓘ jihadist militant group ⓘ non-state armed group ⓘ terrorist organization ⓘ
capitalClaimed	Raqqa ⓘ
claimedCaliphate	2014 ⓘ
committedCrime	crimes against humanity ⓘ genocide against Yazidis (as recognized by several bodies) ⓘ war crimes ⓘ
controlledCity	Fallujah ⓘ Mosul ⓘ Raqqa ⓘ Tikrit ⓘ
controlledTerritoryPeak	large areas of eastern Syria ⓘ large areas of northern and western Iraq ⓘ
dateFounded	2013 ⓘ
declaredCaliph	Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ⓘ
designatedTerroristBy	Australia ⓘ Canada ⓘ European Union ⓘ Russia ⓘ United Kingdom ⓘ United Nations ⓘ United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States many other countries ⓘ
emergedFrom	Iraqi insurgency (post-2003) ⓘ Syrian Civil War ⓘ
financingMethod	extortion ⓘ kidnapping for ransom ⓘ looting ⓘ oil smuggling ⓘ taxation in controlled areas ⓘ
foundedBy	Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ⓘ surface form: Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (as ISIS/ISIL) Abu Musab al-Zarqawi ⓘ surface form: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (ideological and organizational predecessor)
goal	establishment of a caliphate ⓘ implementation of its interpretation of Sharia law ⓘ
hasAbbreviation	Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Daesh IS ⓘ Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: ISIL ISIS ⓘ
hasAlternativeName	Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ surface form: Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
hasBranch	Islamic State – Khorasan Province ⓘ Islamic State – Libya Province ⓘ Islamic State – Sinai Province ⓘ Islamic State – West Africa Province ⓘ Islamic State – Yemen Province ⓘ
hasEnglishName	Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-link ⓘ
hasLeader	Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ⓘ surface form: Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (until 2019) Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (2019–2022) ⓘ Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (2022) ⓘ Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi (reported successor) ⓘ
hasNativeName	Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام
hasPredecessor	al-Qaeda in Iraq ⓘ surface form: Al-Qaeda in Iraq Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Islamic State of Iraq
ideology	Islamic extremism ⓘ Salafi jihadism ⓘ Salafism ⓘ Wahhabism ⓘ surface form: Wahhabism (claimed)
knownFor	beheadings ⓘ destruction of cultural heritage ⓘ mass killings ⓘ suicide bombings ⓘ terrorist attacks worldwide ⓘ use of social media for recruitment ⓘ
lostLastTerritoryInSyria	2019 ⓘ
operatesIn	Afghanistan ⓘ Iraq ⓘ Libya ⓘ Nigeria ⓘ Sinai Peninsula ⓘ Syria ⓘ
opposedBy	Iran-led regional axis ⓘ surface form: Iran-backed militias Government of Iraq ⓘ surface form: Iraqi government Kurdish forces ⓘ Russia ⓘ Syrian government ⓘ United States-led coalition ⓘ
recruitsFrom	foreign fighters ⓘ local Sunni populations in Iraq and Syria ⓘ
religion	Sunni Islam ⓘ surface form: Sunni Islam (claimed)
territorialPeakYear	2014 ⓘ
usesTactic	guerrilla warfare ⓘ insurgency ⓘ online recruitment ⓘ propaganda ⓘ terrorism ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (128)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Operation Shader → belligerentTarget → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

Second Libyan Civil War → involvedOrganization → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya

Syrian Civil War → hasMainBelligerent → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Syrian Civil War → hasTerroristDesignation → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

al-Qaeda in Iraq → successor → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq

al-Qaeda in Iraq → successor → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

al-Qaeda in Iraq → transformedInto → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq

Operation Inherent Resolve → hasMainOpponent → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: ISIL

Operation Inherent Resolve → hasMainOpponent → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Daesh

2017 Manchester Arena bombing → claimedBy → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

2017 Manchester Arena bombing → abbreviation → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: ISIL

Hatra → damagedBy → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Iraqi Kurdish rebellions → participant → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria → hasAbbreviation → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: ISIL

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria → hasAbbreviation → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Daesh

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria → hasNativeName → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria → hasEnglishName → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-link ⓘ

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria → hasAlternativeName → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria → hasAlternativeName → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria → hasPredecessor → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq

Islamic State – Khorasan Province → parentOrganization → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria → inConflictWith → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Battle of Derna → hasParticipant → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Deir ez-Zor → controlledByDuringConflict → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Syrian Arab Army → primaryOpponentInSyrianCivilWar → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Syrian opposition → conflictWith → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)

Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces → opposedBy → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

subject surface form: Syrian Democratic Forces

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Russian military intervention in Syria → targetedGroup → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Jabhat al-Nusra → opposed → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Battle of Raqqa → combatant → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Battle of Raqqa → previousControl → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Battle of Kobani → belligerent → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Battle of Kobani → opponent → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

ISIS → hasFullName → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham

ISIS → hasAbbreviation → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: ISIL

ISIS → hasAbbreviation → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Daesh

ISIS → hasAlternativeName → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

ISIS → hasAlternativeName → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State

al-Qaida in the Land of the Two Rivers → hasSuccessor → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq

al-Qaida in the Land of the Two Rivers → hasSuccessor → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

al-Qaida in the Land of the Two Rivers → evolvedInto → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: ISIL

al-Qaida in the Land of the Two Rivers → evolvedInto → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State group

Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn → mergedInto → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi → memberOf → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi → founded → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: self-proclaimed Islamic State caliphate

Islamic State in the Greater Sahara → partOf → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State

Islamic State in the Greater Sahara → affiliateOf → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State

Islamism → associatedWith → Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ⓘ

this entity surface form: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

All labels observed (20)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (87)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (128)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited