Late Devonian
E395017
The Late Devonian was the final epoch of the Devonian Period, marked by extensive reef collapse, major evolutionary changes in fish and early land plants, and several significant mass extinction events.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Late Devonian canonical | 8 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3804897 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Late Devonian Context triple: [Devonian Period, hasSubdivision, Late Devonian]
-
A.
Early Devonian
The Early Devonian was the initial subdivision of the Devonian Period, marked by the diversification of early fishes and the spread of primitive vascular land plants across emerging terrestrial ecosystems.
-
B.
Devonian Period
The Devonian Period was a division of the Paleozoic Era characterized by the diversification of fish, the first significant colonization of land by plants and early tetrapods, and major reef-building in the oceans.
-
C.
Middle Devonian
The Middle Devonian is a subdivision of the Devonian Period, dating to roughly 393–383 million years ago, marked by extensive marine life diversification and the continued evolution of early terrestrial ecosystems.
-
D.
Ordovician Period
The Ordovician Period was a Paleozoic era interval marked by extensive marine biodiversity, the diversification of early vertebrates and invertebrates, and ending with one of Earth's major mass extinction events.
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E.
Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period of the Paleozoic Era, roughly 443 to 419 million years ago, marked by the stabilization of Earth’s climate, widespread shallow seas, and significant diversification of early marine life and the first land plants.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Late Devonian Target entity description: The Late Devonian was the final epoch of the Devonian Period, marked by extensive reef collapse, major evolutionary changes in fish and early land plants, and several significant mass extinction events.
-
A.
Early Devonian
The Early Devonian was the initial subdivision of the Devonian Period, marked by the diversification of early fishes and the spread of primitive vascular land plants across emerging terrestrial ecosystems.
-
B.
Devonian Period
The Devonian Period was a division of the Paleozoic Era characterized by the diversification of fish, the first significant colonization of land by plants and early tetrapods, and major reef-building in the oceans.
-
C.
Middle Devonian
The Middle Devonian is a subdivision of the Devonian Period, dating to roughly 393–383 million years ago, marked by extensive marine life diversification and the continued evolution of early terrestrial ecosystems.
-
D.
Ordovician Period
The Ordovician Period was a Paleozoic era interval marked by extensive marine biodiversity, the diversification of early vertebrates and invertebrates, and ending with one of Earth's major mass extinction events.
-
E.
Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period of the Paleozoic Era, roughly 443 to 419 million years ago, marked by the stabilization of Earth’s climate, widespread shallow seas, and significant diversification of early marine life and the first land plants.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | geologic epoch ⓘ |
| biostratigraphicMarkers | conodont zonation used for age subdivision ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
cooling climatic trends
ⓘ
extensive reef collapse ⓘ global environmental instability ⓘ major evolutionary changes in early land plants ⓘ major evolutionary changes in fishes ⓘ sea-level fluctuations ⓘ widespread anoxia in marine basins ⓘ |
| climate | generally warm greenhouse conditions with later cooling trend ⓘ |
| contains |
Famennian stage
ⓘ
surface form:
Famennian Age
Frasnian Age ⓘ |
| dominantMarineVertebrates | placoderm fishes ⓘ |
| endTime | approximately 358.9 million years ago ⓘ |
| follows | Middle Devonian ⓘ |
| geochemicalSignals |
black shale deposition
ⓘ
positive carbon isotope excursions ⓘ |
| hasMajorEvent |
Late Devonian extinction
ⓘ
surface form:
Frasnian–Famennian extinction event
Late Devonian extinction ⓘ
surface form:
Hangenberg event
Kellwasser events ⓘ
surface form:
Kellwasser event
Late Devonian extinction ⓘ
surface form:
Late Devonian mass extinction
|
| invertebrateFauna |
decline of many trilobite groups
ⓘ
extinctions among ammonoids ⓘ extinctions among brachiopods ⓘ extinctions among conodonts ⓘ |
| marineVertebrateEvolution |
decline of many jawless fishes
ⓘ
diversification of early ray-finned fishes ⓘ diversification of lobe-finned fishes ⓘ |
| massExtinctionSeverity | one of the five largest Phanerozoic mass extinctions ⓘ |
| paleogeography |
Laurussia located near the equator
ⓘ
continents largely clustered near the equator ⓘ presence of the supercontinent Gondwana ⓘ |
| partOf | Devonian Period ⓘ |
| plantEvolution |
development of more complex root systems
ⓘ
expansion of vascular land plants ⓘ increased soil formation on land ⓘ spread of seed plants (progymnosperms and early spermatophytes) ⓘ |
| possibleExtinctionDrivers |
global cooling
ⓘ
oceanic anoxia ⓘ sea-level change ⓘ terrestrial plant expansion affecting weathering and nutrients ⓘ |
| precedes |
Carboniferous period
ⓘ
surface form:
Carboniferous Period
Mississippian Series ⓘ
surface form:
Mississippian Subperiod
|
| reefCommunities |
collapse of stromatoporoid reefs
ⓘ
decline of tabulate corals ⓘ |
| startTime | approximately 382.7 million years ago ⓘ |
| tetrapodEvolution |
appearance of early tetrapods
ⓘ
transition of vertebrates from water to land ⓘ |
| timeScale | International Commission on Stratigraphy ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Late Devonian Description of subject: The Late Devonian was the final epoch of the Devonian Period, marked by extensive reef collapse, major evolutionary changes in fish and early land plants, and several significant mass extinction events.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.