Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988
E38683
The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 is a U.S. federal law that strengthened and broadened fair housing protections, notably adding safeguards for people with disabilities and families with children and enhancing enforcement mechanisms.
All labels observed (3)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T288819 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 Context triple: [Fair Housing Act of 1968, expandedBy, Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988]
-
A.
Fair Housing Act of 1968
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 is a landmark U.S. law that prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, color, religion, sex, and later other protected characteristics.
-
B.
Housing and Community Development Act of 1974
The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 is a major U.S. federal law that restructured housing assistance and created the Community Development Block Grant program to support local community development and affordable housing.
-
C.
Civil Rights Act of 1991
The Civil Rights Act of 1991 is a U.S. federal law that strengthened and expanded workplace discrimination protections, including by enhancing employees’ rights to sue and recover damages for intentional discrimination.
-
D.
Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act
The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act is a landmark 1990 U.S. federal law that expanded and restructured housing assistance programs to increase the supply of affordable housing for low- and moderate-income households.
-
E.
Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994
The Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994 is a U.S. federal law aimed at promoting community development and financial services in underserved areas, notably by establishing the Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 Target entity description: The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 is a U.S. federal law that strengthened and broadened fair housing protections, notably adding safeguards for people with disabilities and families with children and enhancing enforcement mechanisms.
-
A.
Fair Housing Act of 1968
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 is a landmark U.S. law that prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, color, religion, sex, and later other protected characteristics.
-
B.
Housing and Community Development Act of 1974
The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 is a major U.S. federal law that restructured housing assistance and created the Community Development Block Grant program to support local community development and affordable housing.
-
C.
Civil Rights Act of 1991
The Civil Rights Act of 1991 is a U.S. federal law that strengthened and expanded workplace discrimination protections, including by enhancing employees’ rights to sue and recover damages for intentional discrimination.
-
D.
Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act
The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act is a landmark 1990 U.S. federal law that expanded and restructured housing assistance programs to increase the supply of affordable housing for low- and moderate-income households.
-
E.
Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994
The Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994 is a U.S. federal law aimed at promoting community development and financial services in underserved areas, notably by establishing the Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
civil rights law ⓘ |
| addsProtectedClass |
disability
ⓘ
familial status ⓘ |
| allows |
aggrieved persons to obtain injunctive and equitable relief
ⓘ
aggrieved persons to seek actual and punitive damages in court ⓘ |
| amends |
Fair Housing Act of 1968
ⓘ
surface form:
Fair Housing Act
|
| appliesTo |
rental housing
ⓘ
residential real estate-related transactions ⓘ sale of housing ⓘ zoning and land use decisions affecting housing ⓘ |
| authorizes |
HUD to conduct administrative hearings on fair housing complaints
ⓘ
HUD to initiate investigations of housing discrimination complaints ⓘ Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
the U.S. Department of Justice to bring civil actions in federal court for fair housing violations
|
| clarifies |
coverage of discriminatory zoning and land use practices
ⓘ
that steering and blockbusting are prohibited practices ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | Title 42 of the United States Code ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| creates |
civil penalties for pattern or practice housing discrimination cases
ⓘ
enhanced penalties for housing discrimination ⓘ |
| effectiveDate | 1989 ⓘ |
| enforcedBy |
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
United States Department of Justice ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Department of Justice
state and local fair housing agencies under cooperative agreements ⓘ |
| establishes | design and construction accessibility requirements for covered multifamily dwellings ⓘ |
| exempts | housing for older persons from certain familial status provisions ⓘ |
| extends | statute of limitations for filing fair housing complaints ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
United States federal government
|
| partOf | Civil Rights Act of 1968 framework ⓘ |
| presidentAtEnactment | Ronald Reagan ⓘ |
| primaryPurpose |
to expand protected classes under the Fair Housing Act
ⓘ
to strengthen enforcement of federal fair housing laws ⓘ |
| prohibits |
housing discrimination based on disability
ⓘ
housing discrimination based on familial status ⓘ refusal to make reasonable accommodations in rules, policies, practices, or services for persons with disabilities ⓘ refusal to permit reasonable modifications of existing premises at the expense of a person with a disability ⓘ |
| protects |
families with children in housing
ⓘ
people with disabilities in housing ⓘ |
| publicLawNumber | Public Law 100-430 ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Americans with Disabilities Act
ⓘ
surface form:
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ |
| requires | certain multifamily housing to be designed and constructed with accessibility features ⓘ |
| signedBy | Ronald Reagan ⓘ |
| strengthens | enforcement powers of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
disability rights in housing
ⓘ
fair housing ⓘ familial status protections in housing ⓘ |
| yearEnacted | 1988 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 Description of subject: The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 is a U.S. federal law that strengthened and broadened fair housing protections, notably adding safeguards for people with disabilities and families with children and enhancing enforcement mechanisms.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988
→
authorizes
→
Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
the U.S. Department of Justice to bring civil actions in federal court for fair housing violations
this entity surface form:
Fair Housing Act