Fordney–McCumber Tariff
E34368
The Fordney–McCumber Tariff was a 1922 U.S. law that sharply raised import duties to protect American industry and agriculture during the post–World War I era.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Fordney–McCumber Tariff canonical | 2 |
| Fordney–McCumber Tariff of 1922 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T259827 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fordney–McCumber Tariff Context triple: [Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act, replaced, Fordney–McCumber Tariff]
-
A.
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
The Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act was a 1930 U.S. law that sharply raised import duties, widely blamed for worsening international trade tensions and deepening the Great Depression.
-
B.
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act was a 1934 U.S. law that empowered the president to negotiate bilateral tariff-reduction agreements, marking a major shift toward freer international trade and away from protectionism.
-
C.
Trade Expansion Act of 1962
The Trade Expansion Act of 1962 is a U.S. federal law that significantly broadened presidential authority to negotiate international trade agreements and reduce tariffs, laying groundwork for modern American trade policy institutions.
-
D.
McMahon Act
The McMahon Act is a landmark 1946 U.S. law that established civilian control over nuclear energy and restricted the sharing of atomic information, laying the foundation for American nuclear policy during the early Cold War.
-
E.
Shipping Act of 1916
The Shipping Act of 1916 was a foundational U.S. maritime law that established federal regulation of ocean shipping practices and created the United States Shipping Board to oversee fair competition and rates in international trade.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fordney–McCumber Tariff Target entity description: The Fordney–McCumber Tariff was a 1922 U.S. law that sharply raised import duties to protect American industry and agriculture during the post–World War I era.
-
A.
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
The Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act was a 1930 U.S. law that sharply raised import duties, widely blamed for worsening international trade tensions and deepening the Great Depression.
-
B.
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act was a 1934 U.S. law that empowered the president to negotiate bilateral tariff-reduction agreements, marking a major shift toward freer international trade and away from protectionism.
-
C.
Trade Expansion Act of 1962
The Trade Expansion Act of 1962 is a U.S. federal law that significantly broadened presidential authority to negotiate international trade agreements and reduce tariffs, laying groundwork for modern American trade policy institutions.
-
D.
McMahon Act
The McMahon Act is a landmark 1946 U.S. law that established civilian control over nuclear energy and restricted the sharing of atomic information, laying the foundation for American nuclear policy during the early Cold War.
-
E.
Shipping Act of 1916
The Shipping Act of 1916 was a foundational U.S. maritime law that established federal regulation of ocean shipping practices and created the United States Shipping Board to oversee fair competition and rates in international trade.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal law
ⓘ
tariff act ⓘ |
| appliesTo | imported goods into the United States ⓘ |
| appliesToJurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| areaOfLaw |
customs law
ⓘ
trade law ⓘ |
| classification | economic legislation ⓘ |
| contributedTo | international trade tensions in the 1920s ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| dateEnacted | 1922-09-21 ⓘ |
| effect |
increased average tariff rates
ⓘ
raised U.S. import duties ⓘ |
| era | Roaring Twenties ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
ⓘ
surface form:
Smoot–Hawley Tariff
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ⓘ
surface form:
Tariff Act of 1930
|
| government |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
federal government of the United States
|
| hasLanguage | English ⓘ |
| historicalContext | Republican dominance in early 1920s U.S. politics ⓘ |
| ideology | economic protectionism ⓘ |
| impactOn |
European exporters
ⓘ
U.S. farmers ⓘ U.S. manufacturers ⓘ |
| legalStatus | repealed ⓘ |
| legislativeBody | United States Congress ⓘ |
| legislativeProcess |
United States House of Representatives
ⓘ
surface form:
passed by U.S. House of Representatives
passed by U.S. Senate ⓘ |
| locationOfEffect | U.S. customs borders ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Joseph W. Fordney
ⓘ
Porter J. McCumber ⓘ |
| partOf | U.S. protectionist trade policy ⓘ |
| presidentDuringEnactment | Warren G. Harding ⓘ |
| purpose |
protection of American agriculture
ⓘ
protection of American industry ⓘ |
| regulates |
customs tariffs
ⓘ
import duties ⓘ |
| repealedBy |
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
ⓘ
surface form:
Tariff Act of 1930
|
| replaced |
Underwood Tariff Act
ⓘ
surface form:
Underwood Tariff
Underwood Tariff Act ⓘ
surface form:
Underwood–Simmons Tariff
|
| signedBy | Warren G. Harding ⓘ |
| startTime | 1922 ⓘ |
| subjectOf |
U.S. political history studies
ⓘ
economic history research ⓘ |
| timePeriod | post–World War I era ⓘ |
| topic |
U.S. trade policy in the 1920s
ⓘ
tariffs in the United States ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Fordney–McCumber Tariff Description of subject: The Fordney–McCumber Tariff was a 1922 U.S. law that sharply raised import duties to protect American industry and agriculture during the post–World War I era.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Fordney–McCumber Tariff of 1922