Babylonian calendar
E339248
The Babylonian calendar was an ancient lunisolar timekeeping system used in Mesopotamia, structured around lunar months and intercalary months to align with the solar year and influential on later Near Eastern and Jewish calendars.
All labels observed (5)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Babylonian calendar canonical | 4 |
| Akkadian calendar | 1 |
| Assyrian calendar | 1 |
| Attic calendar | 1 |
| Mesopotamian lunisolar calendar | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3252134 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Babylonian calendar Context triple: [Tammuz, calendar, Babylonian calendar]
-
A.
Badíʻ calendar
The Badíʻ calendar is the unique solar calendar of the Bahá'í Faith, structured around 19 months of 19 days each and anchored by Bahá'í holy days and astronomical events like the vernal equinox.
-
B.
Hebrew calendar
The Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar used primarily for Jewish religious observances, holidays, and the determination of ceremonial dates.
-
C.
Hijri calendar
The Hijri calendar is a lunar-based Islamic calendar used primarily to determine the dates of religious observances and events in the Muslim world.
-
D.
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar is an ancient solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, historically used throughout Europe and still employed by some Eastern Christian churches for liturgical purposes.
-
E.
Israeli civil calendar
The Israeli civil calendar is the official calendar system used in Israel that combines the Gregorian and Hebrew calendars to schedule national holidays, memorial days, and public life.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Babylonian calendar Target entity description: The Babylonian calendar was an ancient lunisolar timekeeping system used in Mesopotamia, structured around lunar months and intercalary months to align with the solar year and influential on later Near Eastern and Jewish calendars.
-
A.
Badíʻ calendar
The Badíʻ calendar is the unique solar calendar of the Bahá'í Faith, structured around 19 months of 19 days each and anchored by Bahá'í holy days and astronomical events like the vernal equinox.
-
B.
Hebrew calendar
The Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar used primarily for Jewish religious observances, holidays, and the determination of ceremonial dates.
-
C.
Hijri calendar
The Hijri calendar is a lunar-based Islamic calendar used primarily to determine the dates of religious observances and events in the Muslim world.
-
D.
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar is an ancient solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, historically used throughout Europe and still employed by some Eastern Christian churches for liturgical purposes.
-
E.
Israeli civil calendar
The Israeli civil calendar is the official calendar system used in Israel that combines the Gregorian and Hebrew calendars to schedule national holidays, memorial days, and public life.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient calendar system
ⓘ
lunisolar calendar ⓘ |
| adoptedBy | Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| aimedToAlignWith | solar year ⓘ |
| alignedWith | agricultural seasons in Mesopotamia ⓘ |
| approximateNumberOfMonthsPerYear | 12 ⓘ |
| associatedWithDeity |
Sin
ⓘ
Šamaš ⓘ |
| basedOn | lunar months ⓘ |
| developedIn | ancient Mesopotamia ⓘ |
| eraStartAssociatedWith | reigns of Babylonian kings ⓘ |
| hasCalendarType | lunisolar ⓘ |
| hasIntercalaryMonthName |
Second Addaru
ⓘ
Second Ulūlu ⓘ |
| hasMonthName |
Abu
ⓘ
Addaru ⓘ Araḫsamna ⓘ Ayaru ⓘ Duʾuzu ⓘ Kislimu ⓘ Nisannu ⓘ Simanu ⓘ Tašrītu ⓘ Ulūlu ⓘ Šabāṭu ⓘ Ṭebētu ⓘ |
| hasNewYearMonth |
Nisan
ⓘ
surface form:
Nisannu
|
| influenced |
Hellenistic calendrical practice
ⓘ
Hebrew calendar ⓘ
surface form:
Jewish calendar
later Mesopotamian calendars ⓘ other Near Eastern calendars ⓘ |
| intercalationRuleBasis | astronomical observations ⓘ |
| maximumNumberOfMonthsPerYearWithIntercalation | 13 ⓘ |
| monthLengthBasedOn | lunar phases ⓘ |
| recordedOn | clay tablets ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Babylonian calendar
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Assyrian calendar
Seleucid era dating system ⓘ |
| solarYearApproximation | about 365 days ⓘ |
| standardizedUnder | Neo-Babylonian Empire ⓘ |
| timePeriodOfUse | at least 2nd millennium BCE ⓘ |
| typicalMonthLength | 29 or 30 days ⓘ |
| usedBy | Babylonians ⓘ |
| usedFor |
administrative purposes
ⓘ
agricultural activities ⓘ religious festivals ⓘ |
| usedIn | Mesopotamia ⓘ |
| uses | intercalary months ⓘ |
| writtenIn | cuneiform script ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Babylonian calendar Description of subject: The Babylonian calendar was an ancient lunisolar timekeeping system used in Mesopotamia, structured around lunar months and intercalary months to align with the solar year and influential on later Near Eastern and Jewish calendars.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Tammuz
subject surface form:
Tashritu
this entity surface form:
Akkadian calendar
subject surface form:
Tashritu
this entity surface form:
Attic calendar
subject surface form:
Northern Babylonia
this entity surface form:
Mesopotamian lunisolar calendar
this entity surface form:
Assyrian calendar