Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
E319617
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were American citizens convicted and executed in 1953 for conspiring to pass atomic secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Ethel Rosenberg | 4 |
| Julius Rosenberg | 3 |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg canonical | 1 |
| Rosenbergs | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3017649 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Context triple: [Westchester Hills Cemetery, hasNotableBurial, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg]
-
A.
Benjamin Gitlow
Benjamin Gitlow was an American socialist politician and activist best known as the defendant in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court free speech case Gitlow v. New York.
-
B.
Klaus Fuchs
Klaus Fuchs was a German-born theoretical physicist and Soviet spy who passed crucial atomic secrets from the U.S. and U.K. nuclear programs to the Soviet Union during and after World War II.
-
C.
Bruno Richard Hauptmann
Bruno Richard Hauptmann was a German-born American carpenter who was convicted and executed in 1936 for the infamous kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh’s infant son.
-
D.
Ethel Skakel
Ethel Skakel is an American socialite and human rights advocate best known as the widow of Senator Robert F. Kennedy and a prominent member of the Kennedy family.
-
E.
Hellman family
The Hellman family is a surname-bearing family line, likely encompassing multiple related individuals such as Herman Wouk Hellman.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Target entity description: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were American citizens convicted and executed in 1953 for conspiring to pass atomic secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
-
A.
Benjamin Gitlow
Benjamin Gitlow was an American socialist politician and activist best known as the defendant in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court free speech case Gitlow v. New York.
-
B.
Klaus Fuchs
Klaus Fuchs was a German-born theoretical physicist and Soviet spy who passed crucial atomic secrets from the U.S. and U.K. nuclear programs to the Soviet Union during and after World War II.
-
C.
Bruno Richard Hauptmann
Bruno Richard Hauptmann was a German-born American carpenter who was convicted and executed in 1936 for the infamous kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh’s infant son.
-
D.
Ethel Skakel
Ethel Skakel is an American socialite and human rights advocate best known as the widow of Senator Robert F. Kennedy and a prominent member of the Kennedy family.
-
E.
Hellman family
The Hellman family is a surname-bearing family line, likely encompassing multiple related individuals such as Herman Wouk Hellman.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
American citizens
ⓘ
married couple ⓘ |
| allegedRole |
passing information about military technology
ⓘ
passing information about nuclear weapons ⓘ |
| allegedToHavePassed | atomic secrets ⓘ |
| allegedToHaveSpiedFor | Soviet Union ⓘ |
| caseBecame | major Cold War controversy ⓘ |
| caseComparedTo | Sacco and Vanzetti case ⓘ |
| caseInfluenced |
American left-wing politics
ⓘ
U.S. discourse on national security ⓘ public opinion on McCarthyism ⓘ |
| chargedWith | conspiracy to commit espionage ⓘ |
| children |
Michael Meeropol
ⓘ
Michael Meeropol ⓘ
surface form:
Robert Meeropol
|
| coDefendant | Morton Sobell ⓘ |
| convictedOf | conspiracy to commit espionage ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| dateOfExecution | 1953-06-19 ⓘ |
| defenseAttorney | Emanuel Hirsch Bloch ⓘ |
| ethnicGroup | Jewish Americans ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | mid-20th century United States ⓘ |
| ideologyAssociatedWith | communism ⓘ |
| languageOfTrial | English ⓘ |
| legalStatusAtDeath | convicted felons ⓘ |
| maritalStatus | married to each other ⓘ |
| memorializedBy | Rosenberg Fund for Children ⓘ |
| methodOfExecution | electric chair ⓘ |
| notableFor |
being executed for conspiracy to commit espionage
ⓘ
espionage for the Soviet Union ⓘ |
| occupation | political activists ⓘ |
| placeOfExecution | Sing Sing Correctional Facility ⓘ |
| presidingJudge | Irving Kaufman ⓘ |
| prosecutedUnder | Espionage Act of 1917 ⓘ |
| prosecutor | Irving Saypol ⓘ |
| referencedIn |
Soviet underground apparatus in the United States
ⓘ
surface form:
Venona project decrypts
|
| religion | Judaism ⓘ |
| sentencedTo | death ⓘ |
| spiedDuring | Cold War ⓘ |
| subjectOf |
debate about antisemitism in the U.S. justice system
ⓘ
debate about fairness of their trial ⓘ documentary films ⓘ numerous books ⓘ political debate about capital punishment ⓘ the opera "The Rosenbergs" ⓘ theatrical plays ⓘ |
| trialHeldIn | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Description of subject: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were American citizens convicted and executed in 1953 for conspiring to pass atomic secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Julius Rosenberg
this entity surface form:
Ethel Rosenberg
Roy Cohn in Angels in America (Broadway revival)
→
hasRelationshipWith
→
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Ethel Rosenberg
this entity surface form:
Ethel Rosenberg
this entity surface form:
Rosenbergs
this entity surface form:
Julius Rosenberg
this entity surface form:
Ethel Rosenberg
this entity surface form:
Julius Rosenberg