Lehman Brothers
E309477
Lehman Brothers was a major global investment bank whose 2008 bankruptcy became a central event in the global financial crisis.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Lehman Brothers canonical | 7 |
| Lehman | 4 |
| Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. | 1 |
| Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb | 1 |
| Lehman Brothers investment bank | 1 |
| NYSE:LEH | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2908957 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lehman Brothers Context triple: [Bear Stearns, notableCompetitor, Lehman Brothers]
-
A.
Bear Stearns
Bear Stearns was a major American investment bank and brokerage firm that collapsed during the 2008 financial crisis and was acquired by JPMorgan Chase.
-
B.
Washington Mutual
Washington Mutual was a former major U.S. savings and loan association that became the largest bank failure in American history during the 2008 financial crisis.
-
C.
Enron
Enron was a major American energy company that became infamous for one of the largest corporate frauds and bankruptcies in history, leading to sweeping reforms in financial regulation and corporate governance.
-
D.
Salomon Brothers
Salomon Brothers was a prominent Wall Street investment bank known for its influential role in the bond market and its aggressive trading culture in the late 20th century.
-
E.
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. is a long-established American private investment bank and financial services firm known for its influential role in U.S. and global finance.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lehman Brothers Target entity description: Lehman Brothers was a major global investment bank whose 2008 bankruptcy became a central event in the global financial crisis.
-
A.
Bear Stearns
Bear Stearns was a major American investment bank and brokerage firm that collapsed during the 2008 financial crisis and was acquired by JPMorgan Chase.
-
B.
Washington Mutual
Washington Mutual was a former major U.S. savings and loan association that became the largest bank failure in American history during the 2008 financial crisis.
-
C.
Enron
Enron was a major American energy company that became infamous for one of the largest corporate frauds and bankruptcies in history, leading to sweeping reforms in financial regulation and corporate governance.
-
D.
Salomon Brothers
Salomon Brothers was a prominent Wall Street investment bank known for its influential role in the bond market and its aggressive trading culture in the late 20th century.
-
E.
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. is a long-established American private investment bank and financial services firm known for its influential role in U.S. and global finance.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
defunct company
ⓘ
financial services company ⓘ investment bank ⓘ |
| acquiredBy |
Barclays
ⓘ
surface form:
Barclays (North American investment banking and capital markets operations)
Nomura Holdings (Asia-Pacific and European operations) ⓘ |
| assetsAtBankruptcy | over 600 billion US dollars ⓘ |
| bankruptcyDate | 2008-09-15 ⓘ |
| bankruptcyType | Chapter 11 bankruptcy ⓘ |
| causeOfCollapse |
exposure to subprime mortgage market
ⓘ
high leverage ⓘ loss of market confidence ⓘ |
| ceo | Richard S. Fuld Jr. ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| dissolutionDate | 2008 ⓘ |
| employeeCount | over 25,000 (before bankruptcy) ⓘ |
| fate | bankruptcy and liquidation ⓘ |
| foundedBy |
Emanuel Lehman
ⓘ
Henry Lehman ⓘ Mayer Lehman ⓘ |
| foundingDate | 1850 ⓘ |
| foundingLocation | Montgomery, Alabama ⓘ |
| headquartersLocation |
New York
ⓘ
New York City ⓘ United States of America ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| industry |
financial services
ⓘ
investment banking ⓘ |
| keyPerson |
Richard S. Fuld Jr.
ⓘ
surface form:
Dick Fuld
Richard S. Fuld Jr. ⓘ |
| legalForm | public company ⓘ |
| liabilitiesAtBankruptcy | over 600 billion US dollars ⓘ |
| mainProduct |
equity and fixed-income sales and trading
ⓘ
investment banking services ⓘ investment management ⓘ mortgage origination and securitization ⓘ private equity ⓘ research ⓘ |
| notableEvent |
collapse during the global financial crisis of 2007–2008
ⓘ
filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on 15 September 2008 ⓘ largest bankruptcy filing in U.S. history ⓘ |
| parentCompany |
Lehman Brothers
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.
|
| peakGlobalRanking | fourth-largest U.S. investment bank ⓘ |
| reasonForDissolution | bankruptcy ⓘ |
| regulator |
Securities and Exchange Commission
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
|
| roleIn | global financial crisis of 2007–2008 ⓘ |
| stockExchange | New York Stock Exchange ⓘ |
| successor |
Barclays
ⓘ
surface form:
Barclays Capital (for some operations)
Nomura ⓘ
surface form:
Nomura (for some operations)
|
| tickerSymbol | LEH ⓘ |
| tradedAs |
Lehman Brothers
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
NYSE:LEH
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Lehman Brothers Description of subject: Lehman Brothers was a major global investment bank whose 2008 bankruptcy became a central event in the global financial crisis.
Referenced by (15)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Lehman
this entity surface form:
Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb
this entity surface form:
Lehman
this entity surface form:
Lehman Brothers investment bank
this entity surface form:
NYSE:LEH
this entity surface form:
Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.
this entity surface form:
Lehman
subject surface form:
John F. Lehman
this entity surface form:
Lehman