TFEU Article 106
E248189
article of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
provision of EU primary law
treaty paragraph
TFEU Article 106 is a provision of EU primary law that regulates how Member States treat public undertakings and services of general economic interest to ensure they comply with the Union’s competition rules.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| TFEU Article 106 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2174105 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: TFEU Article 106 Context triple: [European Union competition policy, hasLegalBasis, TFEU Article 106]
-
A.
TFEU Article 102
TFEU Article 102 is the core EU treaty provision that prohibits the abuse of a dominant market position by undertakings within the internal market.
-
B.
TFEU Article 101
TFEU Article 101 is a core provision of EU law that prohibits anti-competitive agreements and concerted practices between undertakings that may affect trade between Member States.
-
C.
Directorate-General for Competition
The Directorate-General for Competition is the European Commission department responsible for enforcing EU competition law, including antitrust, merger control, and state aid rules.
-
D.
European Union state aid rules
European Union state aid rules are a set of competition law provisions that regulate and restrict government subsidies to businesses within the EU to prevent distortions of the internal market.
-
E.
European Union competition policy
European Union competition policy is the body of EU rules and enforcement practices designed to prevent anti-competitive behavior, control mergers, and regulate state aid in order to maintain fair and effective competition within the internal market.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: TFEU Article 106 Target entity description: TFEU Article 106 is a provision of EU primary law that regulates how Member States treat public undertakings and services of general economic interest to ensure they comply with the Union’s competition rules.
-
A.
TFEU Article 102
TFEU Article 102 is the core EU treaty provision that prohibits the abuse of a dominant market position by undertakings within the internal market.
-
B.
TFEU Article 101
TFEU Article 101 is a core provision of EU law that prohibits anti-competitive agreements and concerted practices between undertakings that may affect trade between Member States.
-
C.
Directorate-General for Competition
The Directorate-General for Competition is the European Commission department responsible for enforcing EU competition law, including antitrust, merger control, and state aid rules.
-
D.
European Union state aid rules
European Union state aid rules are a set of competition law provisions that regulate and restrict government subsidies to businesses within the EU to prevent distortions of the internal market.
-
E.
European Union competition policy
European Union competition policy is the body of EU rules and enforcement practices designed to prevent anti-competitive behavior, control mergers, and regulate state aid in order to maintain fair and effective competition within the internal market.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
article of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
ⓘ
provision of EU primary law ⓘ treaty paragraph ⓘ treaty paragraph ⓘ treaty paragraph ⓘ |
| aimsToEnsureComplianceWith | EU competition rules ⓘ |
| allowsDerogationFrom | EU competition rules ⓘ |
| appliesInJurisdiction |
Member States of the European Union
ⓘ
surface form:
European Union Member States
|
| belongsToChapter | Chapter 1: Rules on competition ⓘ |
| belongsToTitle | Title VII of Part Three TFEU ⓘ |
| concerns |
relationship between public service obligations and competition law
ⓘ
state measures affecting market structure ⓘ |
| conditionForDerogation |
application of competition rules must obstruct the performance of particular tasks assigned to the undertaking
ⓘ
development of trade must not be affected to such an extent as would be contrary to the interests of the Union ⓘ |
| covers |
public undertakings
ⓘ
undertakings granted exclusive rights ⓘ undertakings granted special rights ⓘ |
| empowers | European Commission ⓘ |
| empowersTo |
address appropriate directives or decisions to Member States
ⓘ
ensure application of Article 106 provisions ⓘ |
| ensures | that public undertakings are subject to the same competition rules as private undertakings, subject to exceptions ⓘ |
| hasParagraph |
Article 106(1) TFEU
ⓘ
Article 106(2) TFEU ⓘ Article 106(3) TFEU ⓘ |
| historicalPredecessor | Article 90 of the Treaty establishing the European Community ⓘ |
| interpretedBy | Court of Justice of the European Union ⓘ |
| languageVersion | multilingual authentic texts in all official EU languages ⓘ |
| legalEffect | direct effect in Member States under conditions defined by CJEU case law ⓘ |
| legalSystem |
European Union legal order
ⓘ
surface form:
European Union law
|
| objective | to reconcile public service missions with undistorted competition in the internal market ⓘ |
| partOf |
EU Treaties
ⓘ
surface form:
European Union primary law
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ⓘ |
| providesExceptionFor | undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest ⓘ |
| refersTo | rules contained in TFEU Articles 101 to 109 ⓘ |
| regulates |
public undertakings in EU Member States
ⓘ
services of general economic interest ⓘ undertakings to which Member States grant exclusive rights ⓘ undertakings to which Member States grant special rights ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
European Union competition policy
ⓘ
surface form:
EU competition policy
EU state aid control ⓘ internal market rules ⓘ |
| requires | Member States not to enact or maintain measures contrary to EU competition rules regarding public undertakings ⓘ |
| systematicallyLinkedTo |
Protocol No 26 on services of general interest
ⓘ
TFEU Article 14 ⓘ TFEU Articles 101 and 102 ⓘ |
| usedInContextOf |
liberalisation of network industries in the EU
ⓘ
regulation of monopolies and exclusive rights ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: TFEU Article 106 Description of subject: TFEU Article 106 is a provision of EU primary law that regulates how Member States treat public undertakings and services of general economic interest to ensure they comply with the Union’s competition rules.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.