Tiwanaku archaeological site

E238907

ancient city archaeological site pre-Columbian ceremonial center

The Tiwanaku archaeological site is a major pre-Columbian ceremonial and urban center in the Bolivian Andes, renowned for its monumental stone architecture and as the political and religious heart of the Tiwanaku civilization.

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All labels observed (13)

Label	Occurrences
Tiwanaku archaeological site canonical	13
Tiwanaku	12
Tiwanaku ceremonial center	2
Tiwanaku town	2
UNESCO World Heritage Site Tiwanaku	2
Semi-Subterranean Temple of Tiwanaku	1
Tiwanaku (site)	1
Tiwanaku archaeological complex	1
Tiwanaku ceremonial complex	1
Tiwanaku urban and ceremonial center	1
Tiwanaku urban center	1
Tiwanaku urban core	1
UNESCO World Heritage Site (Tiwanaku)	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2147614 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Tiwanaku archaeological site
Context triple: [Tiwanaku culture, centeredOn, Tiwanaku archaeological site]

A. Kaminaljuyú archaeological site
Kaminaljuyú archaeological site is an ancient pre-Columbian Maya city known for its extensive ruins, including pyramidal mounds and carved stone monuments, now located within modern Guatemala City.
B. Ollantaytambo archaeological site
The Ollantaytambo archaeological site is a well-preserved Inca town and fortress in Peru, renowned for its impressive terraced ruins, finely crafted stonework, and role as a strategic stronghold during the Spanish conquest.
C. Chinchero archaeological site
The Chinchero archaeological site is an Inca-era complex in Peru renowned for its terraced landscapes, colonial church built atop Inca foundations, and role as a historic gateway to the Sacred Valley.
D. Pisac archaeological site
Pisac archaeological site is an ancient Inca complex in Peru’s Sacred Valley, known for its hillside agricultural terraces, ceremonial structures, and panoramic views over the Urubamba River.
E. Chavín de Huántar
Chavín de Huántar is an ancient ceremonial and archaeological site in the Peruvian Andes that served as the religious and cultural center of the Chavín civilization.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Tiwanaku archaeological site
Target entity description: The Tiwanaku archaeological site is a major pre-Columbian ceremonial and urban center in the Bolivian Andes, renowned for its monumental stone architecture and as the political and religious heart of the Tiwanaku civilization.

A. Kaminaljuyú archaeological site
Kaminaljuyú archaeological site is an ancient pre-Columbian Maya city known for its extensive ruins, including pyramidal mounds and carved stone monuments, now located within modern Guatemala City.
B. Ollantaytambo archaeological site
The Ollantaytambo archaeological site is a well-preserved Inca town and fortress in Peru, renowned for its impressive terraced ruins, finely crafted stonework, and role as a strategic stronghold during the Spanish conquest.
C. Chinchero archaeological site
The Chinchero archaeological site is an Inca-era complex in Peru renowned for its terraced landscapes, colonial church built atop Inca foundations, and role as a historic gateway to the Sacred Valley.
D. Pisac archaeological site
Pisac archaeological site is an ancient Inca complex in Peru’s Sacred Valley, known for its hillside agricultural terraces, ceremonial structures, and panoramic views over the Urubamba River.
E. Chavín de Huántar
Chavín de Huántar is an ancient ceremonial and archaeological site in the Peruvian Andes that served as the religious and cultural center of the Chavín civilization.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (51)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	ancient city ⓘ archaeological site ⓘ pre-Columbian ceremonial center ⓘ
abandonedBy	c. 1100 CE ⓘ
approximateEarliestOccupationDate	c. 1500 BCE–500 CE (with increasing complexity later) ⓘ
approximateFlourishingDates	c. 500–1000 CE ⓘ
associatedWith	raised field agriculture (suka kollus) ⓘ ritual pilgrimage ⓘ state-level Andean polity ⓘ
culture	Tiwanaku civilization ⓘ linked to: Tiwanaku culture
currentUse	archaeological research site ⓘ tourist attraction ⓘ
discoveredByEuropeans	Spanish chroniclers in the 16th century ⓘ
distanceFromLaPaz	approximately 70 kilometers west of La Paz ⓘ
earliestOccupation	late Formative period ⓘ
elevation	approximately 3850 meters above sea level ⓘ
excavatedBy	Arthur Posnansky ⓘ Carlos Ponce Sanginés ⓘ
flourishedDuring	Middle Horizon period ⓘ linked to: Middle Horizon
hasPart	Akapana pyramid ⓘ Kalasasaya temple ⓘ Kantatallita structure ⓘ Pumapunku complex ⓘ Putuni complex ⓘ Semi-Subterranean Temple ⓘ ceremonial plazas ⓘ monolithic gateways ⓘ platform mounds ⓘ residential sectors ⓘ stone monoliths ⓘ sunken courts ⓘ
heritageDesignation	UNESCO World Heritage Site ⓘ
influenced	later Andean cultures ⓘ
locatedIn	Andes ⓘ Bolivia ⓘ
locatedInCountry	Bolivia ⓘ
locatedInDepartment	La Paz Department ⓘ
locatedInMunicipality	Tiwanaku Municipality ⓘ
locatedInProvince	Ingavi Province ⓘ
locatedNear	southern shore of Lake Titicaca ⓘ
managedBy	Bolivian Ministry of Cultures ⓘ linked to: Ministry of Cultures, Decolonization and Depatriarchalization of Bolivia
notableFor	finely cut and fitted stone blocks ⓘ iconography of the Staff God ⓘ large-scale earthen and stone platforms ⓘ monumental stone architecture ⓘ
partOf	Tiwanaku culture ⓘ
servedAs	political center of the Tiwanaku civilization ⓘ religious center of the Tiwanaku civilization ⓘ
UNESCOWorldHeritageCriteria	(iii) ⓘ (iv) ⓘ
UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteSince	2000 ⓘ