Philippicae
E194578
Philippicae is a series of speeches by the Roman orator Cicero vehemently attacking Mark Antony and defending the Roman Republic.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Philippicae canonical | 2 |
| Philippicae (programmatic rhetorical passages) | 1 |
| Philippics | 1 |
| Philippics of Demosthenes | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1703066 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Philippicae Context triple: [Cicero, notableWork, Philippicae]
-
A.
Anabasis
Anabasis is an ancient Greek historical narrative by Xenophon recounting the journey and struggles of the Ten Thousand Greek mercenaries as they marched through Persia to return home.
-
B.
Diadochi
The Diadochi were the rival generals and successors of Alexander the Great who divided and ruled his vast empire after his death, founding several Hellenistic kingdoms.
-
C.
Sacred Wars
Sacred Wars were a series of ancient Greek conflicts, primarily fought over control of the sacred sanctuary of Delphi and its oracle.
-
D.
Parerga and Paralipomena
Parerga and Paralipomena is a collection of philosophical essays and aphorisms by Arthur Schopenhauer that elaborates and popularizes his pessimistic worldview and metaphysical ideas.
-
E.
Treasury of the Athenians
The Treasury of the Athenians is an ancient marble building at Delphi, erected by Athens to house votive offerings and commemorate its military victories, notably at the Battle of Marathon.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Philippicae Target entity description: Philippicae is a series of speeches by the Roman orator Cicero vehemently attacking Mark Antony and defending the Roman Republic.
-
A.
Anabasis
Anabasis is an ancient Greek historical narrative by Xenophon recounting the journey and struggles of the Ten Thousand Greek mercenaries as they marched through Persia to return home.
-
B.
Diadochi
The Diadochi were the rival generals and successors of Alexander the Great who divided and ruled his vast empire after his death, founding several Hellenistic kingdoms.
-
C.
Sacred Wars
Sacred Wars were a series of ancient Greek conflicts, primarily fought over control of the sacred sanctuary of Delphi and its oracle.
-
D.
Parerga and Paralipomena
Parerga and Paralipomena is a collection of philosophical essays and aphorisms by Arthur Schopenhauer that elaborates and popularizes his pessimistic worldview and metaphysical ideas.
-
E.
Treasury of the Athenians
The Treasury of the Athenians is an ancient marble building at Delphi, erected by Athens to house votive offerings and commemorate its military victories, notably at the Battle of Marathon.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Latin literary work
ⓘ
series of speeches ⓘ work of rhetoric ⓘ |
| aim |
to preserve the Roman Republic
ⓘ
to rally the Senate against Mark Antony ⓘ |
| associatedWithEvent | formation of the Second Triumvirate ⓘ |
| associatedWithPerson |
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
ⓘ
Octavian ⓘ
linked to:
Augustus
Roman Senate ⓘ |
| author |
Cicero
ⓘ
Marcus Tullius Cicero ⓘ
linked to:
Cicero
|
| circulation | published in antiquity as a collected set ⓘ |
| dateWritten | 44–43 BC ⓘ |
| firstSpeechDate | September 44 BC ⓘ |
| genre |
judicial oratory
ⓘ
political oratory ⓘ |
| historicalContext |
aftermath of Julius Caesar's assassination
ⓘ
power struggle between Mark Antony and the Senate ⓘ |
| influenceOn | later political oratory ⓘ |
| inspiredBy |
Philippics of Demosthenes
ⓘ
linked to:
Philippicae
|
| language | Latin ⓘ |
| lastSpeechDate | April 43 BC ⓘ |
| literaryForm | orations ⓘ |
| mainTheme |
attack on Mark Antony
ⓘ
defense of the Roman Republic ⓘ opposition to tyranny ⓘ restoration of senatorial authority ⓘ |
| numberOfSpeeches | 14 ⓘ |
| opponentDescribedAs | enemy of the state ⓘ |
| opposes | concentration of power in Mark Antony ⓘ |
| period | Late Roman Republic ⓘ |
| placeOfComposition | Rome ⓘ |
| politicalPosition |
opposition to the Second Triumvirate
ⓘ
support for the senatorial party ⓘ |
| preservationStatus | survives in medieval manuscripts ⓘ |
| relatedWork |
Cicero's Catilinarian Orations
ⓘ
linked to:
In Catilinam (Catilinarian Orations)
|
| rhetoricalTechniques |
appeal to tradition
ⓘ
character assassination ⓘ invective ⓘ |
| significance |
important example of Roman political invective
ⓘ
major source for the politics of 44–43 BC ⓘ |
| subject |
Mark Antony
ⓘ
Roman Republic ⓘ |
| supports |
authority of the Senate
ⓘ
restoration of republican liberties ⓘ |
| target | Mark Antony ⓘ |
| timePeriodDescribed | transition from Republic to Empire ⓘ |
| titleEtymology | named after Demosthenes' Philippics against Philip II of Macedon ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Philippicae Description of subject: Philippicae is a series of speeches by the Roman orator Cicero vehemently attacking Mark Antony and defending the Roman Republic.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Philippicae
linked to: Philippicae
linked to: Philippicae