Treaty of New Echota (1835)
E193049
The Treaty of New Echota (1835) was a controversial agreement, signed by a minority faction of the Cherokee, that ceded Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River to the United States and led directly to the forced removal known as the Trail of Tears.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Treaty of New Echota | 12 |
| Treaty of New Echota (1835) canonical | 2 |
| Cherokee Nation treaty party faction | 1 |
| Treaty Party (Cherokee political faction) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1742085 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Treaty of New Echota (1835) Context triple: [Cherokee Nation (historical), significantTreaty, Treaty of New Echota (1835)]
-
A.
Treaty of Fort Finney
The Treaty of Fort Finney was a 1786 agreement in which several Shawnee leaders ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio River Valley to the United States, helping set the stage for escalating conflicts that became the Northwest Indian War.
-
B.
Treaty of 1837 with the United States
The Treaty of 1837 with the United States was an agreement in which the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Nation ceded large portions of their ancestral lands in the Upper Midwest to the U.S. government, contributing to their forced removal and displacement.
-
C.
Treaty of Greenville
The Treaty of Greenville was a 1795 agreement between the United States and a coalition of Native American tribes that ended major hostilities in the Northwest Territory and opened much of present-day Ohio to American settlement.
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D.
Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
-
E.
Treaty of St. Louis (1825)
The Treaty of St. Louis (1825) was an agreement between the United States and several Native American tribes that further ceded Indigenous lands in the Midwest to the U.S. government as part of its westward expansion.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Treaty of New Echota (1835) Target entity description: The Treaty of New Echota (1835) was a controversial agreement, signed by a minority faction of the Cherokee, that ceded Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River to the United States and led directly to the forced removal known as the Trail of Tears.
-
A.
Treaty of Fort Finney
The Treaty of Fort Finney was a 1786 agreement in which several Shawnee leaders ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio River Valley to the United States, helping set the stage for escalating conflicts that became the Northwest Indian War.
-
B.
Treaty of 1837 with the United States
The Treaty of 1837 with the United States was an agreement in which the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Nation ceded large portions of their ancestral lands in the Upper Midwest to the U.S. government, contributing to their forced removal and displacement.
-
C.
Treaty of Greenville
The Treaty of Greenville was a 1795 agreement between the United States and a coalition of Native American tribes that ended major hostilities in the Northwest Territory and opened much of present-day Ohio to American settlement.
-
D.
Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
-
E.
Treaty of St. Louis (1825)
The Treaty of St. Louis (1825) was an agreement between the United States and several Native American tribes that further ceded Indigenous lands in the Midwest to the U.S. government as part of its westward expansion.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
19th-century treaty
ⓘ
United States–Native American treaty ⓘ treaty ⓘ |
| affectedGroup |
Cherokee Nation (historical)
ⓘ
surface form:
Cherokee Nation
Cherokee Nation (historical) ⓘ
surface form:
Cherokee people east of the Mississippi River
|
| aftermath | assassination of Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot by Cherokee opponents ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Treaty of New Echota (1835) ⓘ |
| archivedIn |
National Archives and Records Administration
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. National Archives
|
| ceded | Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River ⓘ |
| consequence |
death of a large number of Cherokee during removal
ⓘ
forced migration of thousands of Cherokee people ⓘ |
| controversial | true ⓘ |
| countryParty |
Cherokee Nation (historical)
ⓘ
surface form:
Cherokee Nation (faction)
United States of America ⓘ |
| governingLaw |
Treaties of the United States
ⓘ
surface form:
United States treaty law
|
| historicalPeriod | Jacksonian era ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
United States federal government
|
| language | English ⓘ |
| ledTo | Trail of Tears ⓘ |
| legalBasisFor | forced removal of the Cherokee ⓘ |
| opposedBy |
Principal Chief John Ross
ⓘ
majority of the Cherokee Nation ⓘ |
| placeInHistory |
key event in the history of the Cherokee Nation
ⓘ
major episode in the history of U.S. Indian removal ⓘ |
| providedFor |
assistance with removal and subsistence for a limited period
ⓘ
exchange of Cherokee lands in the East for lands in Indian Territory ⓘ monetary compensation to the Cherokee Nation ⓘ payment for improvements on Cherokee lands ⓘ removal of the Cherokee Nation to Indian Territory ⓘ |
| ratifiedBy | United States Senate ⓘ |
| ratifiedOn | May 23, 1836 ⓘ |
| recognizedByUSAsLegitimate | true ⓘ |
| rejectedByCherokeeNationalCouncil | true ⓘ |
| relatedEvent |
Indian Removal policy of the United States
ⓘ
surface form:
Indian Removal Act of 1830
|
| relatedToPolicy | U.S. Indian removal policy ⓘ |
| signatory |
Elias Boudinot
ⓘ
John Ridge ⓘ Major Ridge ⓘ Stand Watie ⓘ United States government representatives ⓘ members of the Cherokee Treaty Party ⓘ |
| signedAt | New Echota, Georgia ⓘ |
| signedByMinorityFaction | true ⓘ |
| signedIn | 1835 ⓘ |
| signedOn | December 29, 1835 ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
forced relocation
ⓘ
land cession ⓘ sovereignty ⓘ |
| voteMarginInSenate | ratified by one vote ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Treaty of New Echota (1835) Description of subject: The Treaty of New Echota (1835) was a controversial agreement, signed by a minority faction of the Cherokee, that ceded Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River to the United States and led directly to the forced removal known as the Trail of Tears.
Referenced by (16)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty Party (Cherokee political faction)
subject surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
subject surface form:
Five Civilized Tribes
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Treaty of New Echota
this entity surface form:
Cherokee Nation treaty party faction