Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)
E165718
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions protect employees and job applicants from discrimination based on genetic information in hiring, firing, compensation, and other terms and conditions of employment by covered employers.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1445842 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) Context triple: [Employment Litigation Section, enforces, Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)]
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A.
Title VII
Title VII is a section of the Higher Education Act of 1965 that authorizes federal programs to strengthen graduate education and research at colleges and universities.
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B.
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 is a U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions, requiring pregnant workers to be treated the same as others similar in ability or inability to work.
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C.
Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019
The Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019 is a U.S. law that strengthens protections, reporting requirements, and accountability measures related to discrimination and retaliation against federal employees.
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D.
Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008
The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 is a U.S. federal law that broadened and clarified the definition of disability to restore and strengthen protections against discrimination for people with disabilities.
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E.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) Target entity description: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions protect employees and job applicants from discrimination based on genetic information in hiring, firing, compensation, and other terms and conditions of employment by covered employers.
-
A.
Title VII
Title VII is a section of the Higher Education Act of 1965 that authorizes federal programs to strengthen graduate education and research at colleges and universities.
-
B.
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 is a U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions, requiring pregnant workers to be treated the same as others similar in ability or inability to work.
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C.
Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019
The Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019 is a U.S. law that strengthens protections, reporting requirements, and accountability measures related to discrimination and retaliation against federal employees.
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D.
Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008
The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 is a U.S. federal law that broadened and clarified the definition of disability to restore and strengthen protections against discrimination for people with disabilities.
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E.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | United States federal employment discrimination law provision ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
employment agencies
ⓘ
federal government executive branch agencies ⓘ joint labor‑management training and apprenticeship programs ⓘ labor organizations ⓘ local government employers with 15 or more employees ⓘ private employers with 15 or more employees ⓘ state government employers with 15 or more employees ⓘ |
| clarifies |
genetic information does not include information about the sex or age of an individual
ⓘ
genetic information does not include information about the sex or age of family members ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | 42 U.S.C. § 2000ff‑1 and related sections ⓘ |
| containsException |
DNA analysis for law enforcement purposes of employees in forensic laboratories or human remains identification facilities
ⓘ
genetic information acquired from commercially and publicly available documents under limited conditions ⓘ genetic information obtained as part of employer‑provided health or genetic services with voluntary, knowing, written authorization ⓘ genetic information obtained in connection with certification for Family and Medical Leave Act or similar state or local leave laws ⓘ genetic monitoring of the biological effects of toxic substances in the workplace under specific safeguards ⓘ inadvertent acquisition of genetic information (water cooler exception) ⓘ |
| defines |
genetic information as information about an individual’s genetic tests
ⓘ
genetic information as information about genetic tests of family members ⓘ genetic information as information about participation in clinical research that includes genetic services ⓘ genetic information as information about requests for or receipt of genetic services ⓘ genetic information as information about the manifestation of a disease or disorder in family members (family medical history) ⓘ |
| doesNotCover |
disability insurance underwriting decisions
ⓘ
life insurance underwriting decisions ⓘ long‑term care insurance underwriting decisions ⓘ |
| effectiveDate | November 21, 2009 for most employment provisions ⓘ |
| enforcedBy |
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
ⓘ
linked to:
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
|
| jurisdiction | United States federal law ⓘ |
| modeledOn | Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in structure and enforcement mechanisms ⓘ |
| partOf | Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 ⓘ |
| prohibits |
discrimination in compensation based on genetic information
ⓘ
discrimination in firing based on genetic information ⓘ discrimination in hiring based on genetic information ⓘ discrimination in terms, conditions, and privileges of employment based on genetic information ⓘ harassment because of genetic information ⓘ retaliation for filing a GINA charge ⓘ retaliation for opposing practices made unlawful by GINA ⓘ retaliation for participating in a GINA investigation or proceeding ⓘ segregation or classification of employees based on genetic information ⓘ |
| protects |
employees
ⓘ
job applicants ⓘ |
| provides | remedies including back pay, compensatory damages, and injunctive relief for violations ⓘ |
| requires |
genetic information obtained by employers to be kept confidential
ⓘ
genetic information to be maintained in separate medical files ⓘ limited disclosure of genetic information only in specific circumstances ⓘ |
| restricts |
employers from purchasing genetic information about employees or applicants
ⓘ
employers from requesting genetic information ⓘ employers from requiring genetic information ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) Description of subject: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions protect employees and job applicants from discrimination based on genetic information in hiring, firing, compensation, and other terms and conditions of employment by covered employers.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Employment Litigation Section
→
enforces
→
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)
ⓘ
Office for Civil Rights
→
legalMandate
→
Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
ⓘ
subject linked to:
OCR
linked to: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)
→
partOf
→
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
ⓘ
linked to: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)
→
alsoKnownAs
→
Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
ⓘ
linked to: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)