Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)

E165718

United States federal employment discrimination law provision

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions protect employees and job applicants from discrimination based on genetic information in hiring, firing, compensation, and other terms and conditions of employment by covered employers.

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All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) canonical	1
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008	1
Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act	1
Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1445842 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)
Context triple: [Employment Litigation Section, enforces, Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)]

A. Title VII
Title VII is a section of the Higher Education Act of 1965 that authorizes federal programs to strengthen graduate education and research at colleges and universities.
B. Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 is a U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions, requiring pregnant workers to be treated the same as others similar in ability or inability to work.
C. Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019
The Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019 is a U.S. law that strengthens protections, reporting requirements, and accountability measures related to discrimination and retaliation against federal employees.
D. Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008
The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 is a U.S. federal law that broadened and clarified the definition of disability to restore and strengthen protections against discrimination for people with disabilities.
E. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers)
Target entity description: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions protect employees and job applicants from discrimination based on genetic information in hiring, firing, compensation, and other terms and conditions of employment by covered employers.

A. Title VII
Title VII is a section of the Higher Education Act of 1965 that authorizes federal programs to strengthen graduate education and research at colleges and universities.
B. Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 is a U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions, requiring pregnant workers to be treated the same as others similar in ability or inability to work.
C. Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019
The Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019 is a U.S. law that strengthens protections, reporting requirements, and accountability measures related to discrimination and retaliation against federal employees.
D. Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008
The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 is a U.S. federal law that broadened and clarified the definition of disability to restore and strengthen protections against discrimination for people with disabilities.
E. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal employment discrimination law provision ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) ⓘ surface form: Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
appliesTo	employment agencies ⓘ federal government executive branch agencies ⓘ joint labor‑management training and apprenticeship programs ⓘ labor organizations ⓘ local government employers with 15 or more employees ⓘ private employers with 15 or more employees ⓘ state government employers with 15 or more employees ⓘ
clarifies	genetic information does not include information about the sex or age of an individual ⓘ genetic information does not include information about the sex or age of family members ⓘ
codifiedIn	42 U.S.C. § 2000ff‑1 and related sections ⓘ
containsException	DNA analysis for law enforcement purposes of employees in forensic laboratories or human remains identification facilities ⓘ genetic information acquired from commercially and publicly available documents under limited conditions ⓘ genetic information obtained as part of employer‑provided health or genetic services with voluntary, knowing, written authorization ⓘ genetic information obtained in connection with certification for Family and Medical Leave Act or similar state or local leave laws ⓘ genetic monitoring of the biological effects of toxic substances in the workplace under specific safeguards ⓘ inadvertent acquisition of genetic information (water cooler exception) ⓘ
defines	genetic information as information about an individual’s genetic tests ⓘ genetic information as information about genetic tests of family members ⓘ genetic information as information about participation in clinical research that includes genetic services ⓘ genetic information as information about requests for or receipt of genetic services ⓘ genetic information as information about the manifestation of a disease or disorder in family members (family medical history) ⓘ
doesNotCover	disability insurance underwriting decisions ⓘ life insurance underwriting decisions ⓘ long‑term care insurance underwriting decisions ⓘ
effectiveDate	November 21, 2009 for most employment provisions ⓘ
enforcedBy	Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ⓘ surface form: U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
jurisdiction	United States federal law ⓘ
modeledOn	Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in structure and enforcement mechanisms ⓘ
partOf	Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
prohibits	discrimination in compensation based on genetic information ⓘ discrimination in firing based on genetic information ⓘ discrimination in hiring based on genetic information ⓘ discrimination in terms, conditions, and privileges of employment based on genetic information ⓘ harassment because of genetic information ⓘ retaliation for filing a GINA charge ⓘ retaliation for opposing practices made unlawful by GINA ⓘ retaliation for participating in a GINA investigation or proceeding ⓘ segregation or classification of employees based on genetic information ⓘ
protects	employees ⓘ job applicants ⓘ
provides	remedies including back pay, compensatory damages, and injunctive relief for violations ⓘ
requires	genetic information obtained by employers to be kept confidential ⓘ genetic information to be maintained in separate medical files ⓘ limited disclosure of genetic information only in specific circumstances ⓘ
restricts	employers from purchasing genetic information about employees or applicants ⓘ employers from requesting genetic information ⓘ employers from requiring genetic information ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (4)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Employment Litigation Section → enforces → Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) ⓘ

OCR → legalMandate → Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) ⓘ

subject surface form: Office for Civil Rights

this entity surface form: Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) → partOf → Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) → alsoKnownAs → Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) employment provisions (for certain employers) ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

All labels observed (4)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (49)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (4)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited