Dougga / Thugga

E15579

Numidian settlement Roman town UNESCO World Heritage Site ancient city archaeological site tourist attraction

Dougga (Thugga) is an exceptionally well-preserved ancient Roman and pre-Roman city in northern Tunisia, renowned for its monumental ruins such as its theater, Capitol, and temples.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Dougga	10
Dougga / Thugga canonical	2
Thugga (Latin)	1
theater of Dougga	1
theatre of Thugga	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T127311 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Dougga / Thugga
Context triple: [Tunisia, UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteInCountry, Dougga / Thugga]

A. El Jem Amphitheatre
El Jem Amphitheatre is a massive, well-preserved Roman colosseum in central Tunisia, renowned as one of North Africa’s most impressive ancient monuments and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
B. Leptis Magna
Leptis Magna is an exceptionally well-preserved ancient Roman city on the Mediterranean coast, renowned for its grand architecture and archaeological significance.
C. Archaeological Site of Carthage
The Archaeological Site of Carthage is the extensive remains of the ancient Phoenician and later Roman city of Carthage, a major Mediterranean power and historic rival of Rome, located near modern Tunis.
D. Temora
Temora is a rural town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, known for its rich agricultural base and aviation heritage.
E. Cyrene
Cyrene is an ancient Greek and Roman city in eastern Libya renowned for its well-preserved ruins and historical significance as a major center of classical civilization.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Dougga / Thugga
Target entity description: Dougga (Thugga) is an exceptionally well-preserved ancient Roman and pre-Roman city in northern Tunisia, renowned for its monumental ruins such as its theater, Capitol, and temples.

A. El Jem Amphitheatre
El Jem Amphitheatre is a massive, well-preserved Roman colosseum in central Tunisia, renowned as one of North Africa’s most impressive ancient monuments and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
B. Leptis Magna
Leptis Magna is an exceptionally well-preserved ancient Roman city on the Mediterranean coast, renowned for its grand architecture and archaeological significance.
C. Archaeological Site of Carthage
The Archaeological Site of Carthage is the extensive remains of the ancient Phoenician and later Roman city of Carthage, a major Mediterranean power and historic rival of Rome, located near modern Tunis.
D. Temora
Temora is a rural town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, known for its rich agricultural base and aviation heritage.
E. Cyrene
Cyrene is an ancient Greek and Roman city in eastern Libya renowned for its well-preserved ruins and historical significance as a major center of classical civilization.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (57)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Numidian settlement ⓘ Roman town ⓘ UNESCO World Heritage Site ⓘ ancient city ⓘ archaeological site ⓘ tourist attraction ⓘ
country	Tunisia ⓘ
culture	Numidian culture ⓘ Phoenician civilization ⓘ surface form: Punic culture Roman culture ⓘ
distanceFromCapital	about 110 km southwest of Tunis ⓘ
foundedBy	Berbers ⓘ surface form: Numidians
governingBody	National Heritage Institute of Tunisia ⓘ
hasAlias	Thugga ⓘ Dougga / Thugga self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Thugga (Latin)
hasPart	Capitol of Dougga ⓘ mausoleum of Ateban ⓘ surface form: Libyco-Punic mausoleum Temple of Juno Caelestis ⓘ Temple of Mercury ⓘ Temple of Saturn ⓘ cisterns ⓘ city walls ⓘ forum of Dougga ⓘ mausoleum of Ateban ⓘ public baths ⓘ residential quarters ⓘ sanctuaries ⓘ Dougga / Thugga self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: theater of Dougga triumphal arch ⓘ
heritageDesignation	UNESCO World Heritage Site ⓘ
inscriptionLanguage	Latin ⓘ Libyan (Libyco-Berber) ⓘ Punic script ⓘ surface form: Neo-Punic Punic ⓘ
locatedIn	Béja Governorate ⓘ northern Tunisia ⓘ
locatedInHistoricalRegion	Africa Proconsularis ⓘ
locatedInRegion	North Africa ⓘ
locatedNear	Téboursouk ⓘ
locatedOn	a hilltop ⓘ
notableFor	Capitol ⓘ Roman theater ⓘ exceptional state of preservation ⓘ monumental ruins ⓘ public buildings ⓘ temples ⓘ
protectionStatus	protected archaeological site ⓘ
recognizedFor	illustrating the daily life of a small Roman town in North Africa ⓘ
timePeriod	Byzantine Empire ⓘ surface form: Byzantine period Numidia ⓘ surface form: Numidian period Roman Antiquity ⓘ surface form: Roman period pre-Roman period ⓘ
UNESCOWorldHeritageCriteria	(ii) ⓘ (iii) ⓘ (iv) ⓘ
UNESCOWorldHeritageListingYear	1997 ⓘ
UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteId	794 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (15)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Tunisia → UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteInCountry → Dougga / Thugga ⓘ

Dougga / Thugga → hasAlias → Dougga / Thugga self-linksurface differs ⓘ

subject surface form: Dougga

this entity surface form: Thugga (Latin)

Dougga / Thugga → hasPart → Dougga / Thugga self-linksurface differs ⓘ

subject surface form: Dougga

this entity surface form: theater of Dougga

Temple of Saturn → locatedIn → Dougga / Thugga ⓘ

subject surface form: Temple of Saturn (Dougga)