Executive Order 12148
E111581
Executive Order 12148 is a 1979 directive by President Jimmy Carter that reorganized federal emergency management functions and consolidated them into the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Executive Order 12148 canonical | 3 |
| Executive Order 12147 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T930570 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Executive Order 12148 Context triple: [Federal Emergency Management Agency, legalBasis, Executive Order 12148]
-
A.
Executive Order 12127
Executive Order 12127 is the 1979 presidential directive by Jimmy Carter that created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) by consolidating various federal disaster-related responsibilities into a single agency.
-
B.
Executive Order 12829
Executive Order 12829 is a U.S. presidential directive that establishes and governs the National Industrial Security Program, setting requirements for safeguarding classified information released to industry.
-
C.
Executive Order 12951
Executive Order 12951 is a U.S. presidential directive that establishes and governs policies and procedures for the classification, safeguarding, and declassification of national security information.
-
D.
Executive Order 11085
Executive Order 11085 is a directive issued by the U.S. President that created the modern framework and criteria for awarding the nation’s highest civilian honor.
-
E.
Executive Order 7037
Executive Order 7037 is a 1935 directive issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that created the Rural Electrification Administration to expand electric power into underserved rural areas in the United States.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Executive Order 12148 Target entity description: Executive Order 12148 is a 1979 directive by President Jimmy Carter that reorganized federal emergency management functions and consolidated them into the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
-
A.
Executive Order 12127
Executive Order 12127 is the 1979 presidential directive by Jimmy Carter that created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) by consolidating various federal disaster-related responsibilities into a single agency.
-
B.
Executive Order 12829
Executive Order 12829 is a U.S. presidential directive that establishes and governs the National Industrial Security Program, setting requirements for safeguarding classified information released to industry.
-
C.
Executive Order 12951
Executive Order 12951 is a U.S. presidential directive that establishes and governs policies and procedures for the classification, safeguarding, and declassification of national security information.
-
D.
Executive Order 11085
Executive Order 11085 is a directive issued by the U.S. President that created the modern framework and criteria for awarding the nation’s highest civilian honor.
-
E.
Executive Order 7037
Executive Order 7037 is a 1935 directive issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that created the Rural Electrification Administration to expand electric power into underserved rural areas in the United States.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States executive order
ⓘ
legal instrument ⓘ |
| appliesTo | executive branch agencies of the United States ⓘ |
| assignedToAgency | Federal Emergency Management Agency ⓘ |
| authority | Article II of the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| category |
1979 in American law
ⓘ
United States federal emergency management policy ⓘ |
| codifies | federal emergency management coordination under a single agency ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| creates | Federal Emergency Management Agency ⓘ |
| dateSigned | 1979-07-20 ⓘ |
| definesRoleOf |
FEMA in civil emergencies
ⓘ
FEMA in continuity of government planning ⓘ FEMA in natural disasters ⓘ |
| designates |
Federal Emergency Management Agency
ⓘ
surface form:
FEMA as lead agency for federal emergency management
|
| effectiveDate | 1979-07-20 ⓘ |
| establishes |
Federal Emergency Management Agency
ⓘ
surface form:
FEMA
|
| federalRegisterCitation | 44 FR 43239 ⓘ |
| follows |
Executive Order 12148
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Executive Order 12147
|
| jurisdiction |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
Federal government of the United States
|
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalBasisFor | centralization of federal emergency management in FEMA ⓘ |
| policyArea |
disaster management
ⓘ
homeland security ⓘ public safety ⓘ |
| precedes | Executive Order 12196 ⓘ |
| presidentialAdministration |
Carter administration
ⓘ
surface form:
Presidency of Jimmy Carter
|
| publishedIn | Federal Register ⓘ |
| purpose |
consolidate emergency preparedness and response activities
ⓘ
reorganize federal emergency management functions ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Federal Emergency Management Agency
ⓘ
Stafford Act ⓘ
surface form:
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
|
| reorganizes |
federal civil defense responsibilities
ⓘ
federal emergency preparedness programs ⓘ |
| signedAt | Washington, D.C. ⓘ |
| signedBy | Jimmy Carter ⓘ |
| subject |
civil defense
ⓘ
disaster relief ⓘ emergency management ⓘ federal emergency preparedness ⓘ |
| transfersFunctionFrom |
U.S. Department of Commerce
ⓘ
surface form:
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense ⓘ United States Department of Health and Human Services ⓘ
surface form:
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development ⓘ
surface form:
Department of Housing and Urban Development
U.S. General Services Administration ⓘ
surface form:
General Services Administration
Office of Science and Technology Policy ⓘ |
| transfersFunctionTo | Federal Emergency Management Agency ⓘ |
| year | 1979 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Executive Order 12148 Description of subject: Executive Order 12148 is a 1979 directive by President Jimmy Carter that reorganized federal emergency management functions and consolidated them into the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Executive Order 12147