UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape)

E1030512

UNESCO World Heritage Site archaeological site cultural heritage site

UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape) is a protected archaeological and historical area in western Turkey encompassing the ancient city of Pergamon and its surrounding layers of Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman heritage.

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All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape	4
UNESCO World Heritage List (via Pergamon)	1
UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape) canonical	1
UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon)	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T13255472 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape)
Context triple: [Bergama, hasHeritageStatus, UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape)]

A. UNESCO World Heritage Site (Kato Paphos and Tombs of the Kings)
UNESCO World Heritage Site (Kato Paphos and Tombs of the Kings) is an archaeological area in Paphos, Cyprus, renowned for its extensive ancient ruins, elaborate rock-cut tombs, and rich evidence of Hellenistic and Roman civilization.
B. UNESCO World Heritage Site (Tipasa archaeological site)
The UNESCO World Heritage Site at Tipasa is an archaeological complex on Algeria’s Mediterranean coast featuring well-preserved Phoenician, Roman, early Christian, and Byzantine ruins that illustrate the region’s long and diverse history.
C. UNESCO World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a landmark or area recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as having outstanding universal value to humanity and deserving legal protection and conservation.
D. UNESCO World Heritage archaeological sites
UNESCO World Heritage archaeological sites are culturally and historically significant locations recognized by UNESCO for their outstanding universal value and protected for their archaeological importance.
E. UNESCO World Heritage Site component
The UNESCO World Heritage Site component refers to the Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo, a historically significant early Islamic mosque renowned for its architectural and cultural importance.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape)
Target entity description: UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape) is a protected archaeological and historical area in western Turkey encompassing the ancient city of Pergamon and its surrounding layers of Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman heritage.

A. UNESCO World Heritage Site (Kato Paphos and Tombs of the Kings)
UNESCO World Heritage Site (Kato Paphos and Tombs of the Kings) is an archaeological area in Paphos, Cyprus, renowned for its extensive ancient ruins, elaborate rock-cut tombs, and rich evidence of Hellenistic and Roman civilization.
B. UNESCO World Heritage Site (Tipasa archaeological site)
The UNESCO World Heritage Site at Tipasa is an archaeological complex on Algeria’s Mediterranean coast featuring well-preserved Phoenician, Roman, early Christian, and Byzantine ruins that illustrate the region’s long and diverse history.
C. UNESCO World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a landmark or area recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as having outstanding universal value to humanity and deserving legal protection and conservation.
D. UNESCO World Heritage archaeological sites
UNESCO World Heritage archaeological sites are culturally and historically significant locations recognized by UNESCO for their outstanding universal value and protected for their archaeological importance.
E. UNESCO World Heritage Site component
The UNESCO World Heritage Site component refers to the Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo, a historically significant early Islamic mosque renowned for its architectural and cultural importance.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	UNESCO World Heritage Site ⓘ archaeological site ⓘ cultural heritage site ⓘ
associatedWith	Attalid dynasty ⓘ Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture ⓘ Hellenistic urban planning ⓘ Ottoman urban and architectural traditions ⓘ Roman provincial administration in Asia Minor ⓘ ancient Kingdom of Pergamon ⓘ linked to: Kingdom of Pergamon early Christian history ⓘ
contains	Acropolis of Pergamon ⓘ linked to: acropolis of Pergamon Byzantine fortifications of Pergamon ⓘ linked to: acropolis of Pergamon Ottoman-period urban fabric of Bergama ⓘ Red Basilica (Red Hall) ⓘ Roman theatre of Pergamon ⓘ linked to: theatre of Pergamon Sanctuary of Asclepius (Asklepion) ⓘ Trajaneum (Temple of Trajan) ⓘ linked to: Temple of Trajan ancient road network ⓘ multi-period necropolises ⓘ sanctuaries and temples from different eras ⓘ terraced urban layout on the acropolis ⓘ traditional Ottoman houses ⓘ
country	Turkey ⓘ
governedBy	Republic of Turkey ⓘ linked to: Turkey
hasHeritageLayer	Byzantine period ⓘ Hellenistic period ⓘ Ottoman period ⓘ Roman period ⓘ
hasOfficialName	Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape ⓘ linked to: UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape)
hasPart	ancient city of Pergamon ⓘ linked to: Pergamon
heritageType	mixed urban and rural cultural landscape ⓘ
inscribedBy	UNESCO ⓘ
inscriptionYear	2014 ⓘ
locatedIn	Bergama district ⓘ linked to: Bergama District western Turkey ⓘ İzmir Province ⓘ
managedBy	Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism ⓘ linked to: Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey
near	Bakırçay River valley ⓘ
nearestTown	Bergama ⓘ
notableFor	integration of monumental architecture with landscape ⓘ stratified cultural layers spanning millennia ⓘ
partOf	UNESCO World Heritage List ⓘ linked to: UNESCO World Heritage Site
protectionStatus	internationally protected cultural property ⓘ
region	Europe and North America (UNESCO classification for Turkey) ⓘ
whcCriteria	(iii) ⓘ (iv) ⓘ (vi) ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (7)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Bergama → hasHeritageStatus → UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape) ⓘ

Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape → hasOfficialName → Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape ⓘ

subject linked to: UNESCO World Heritage Site (Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape)