VVER-440
E1007077
VVER-440 is a Soviet-designed pressurized water reactor (PWR) model widely used in nuclear power plants across Eastern Europe and Finland.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| VVER-440 canonical | 6 |
| VVER-440/213 | 3 |
| VVER-440/V-213 | 3 |
| VVER-440/V-230 | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T12846950 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: VVER-440 Context triple: [Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant, reactorType, VVER-440]
-
A.
VVER-1000
VVER-1000 is a Russian-designed pressurized water nuclear reactor model widely used for commercial electricity generation.
-
B.
RBMK-1000
The RBMK-1000 is a Soviet-designed graphite-moderated, water-cooled nuclear power reactor type, best known for its role in the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and its significant safety design flaws.
-
C.
K15 pressurized water reactor
The K15 pressurized water reactor is a French naval nuclear reactor design used to power modern French aircraft carriers and submarines.
-
D.
BWR-4
BWR-4 is a General Electric-designed boiling water reactor model widely used in commercial nuclear power plants built during the late 1960s and 1970s.
-
E.
IBR-2 reactor
The IBR-2 reactor is a fast pulsed research nuclear reactor used primarily for neutron scattering experiments in condensed matter physics and materials science.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: VVER-440 Target entity description: VVER-440 is a Soviet-designed pressurized water reactor (PWR) model widely used in nuclear power plants across Eastern Europe and Finland.
-
A.
VVER-1000
VVER-1000 is a Russian-designed pressurized water nuclear reactor model widely used for commercial electricity generation.
-
B.
RBMK-1000
The RBMK-1000 is a Soviet-designed graphite-moderated, water-cooled nuclear power reactor type, best known for its role in the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and its significant safety design flaws.
-
C.
K15 pressurized water reactor
The K15 pressurized water reactor is a French naval nuclear reactor design used to power modern French aircraft carriers and submarines.
-
D.
BWR-4
BWR-4 is a General Electric-designed boiling water reactor model widely used in commercial nuclear power plants built during the late 1960s and 1970s.
-
E.
IBR-2 reactor
The IBR-2 reactor is a fast pulsed research nuclear reactor used primarily for neutron scattering experiments in condensed matter physics and materials science.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (56)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
nuclear reactor design
ⓘ
pressurized water reactor ⓘ |
| application |
district heating at some plants
ⓘ
electricity generation ⓘ |
| containmentType | hermetic compartments with confinement system ⓘ |
| controlRodDriveLocation | top of reactor vessel ⓘ |
| coolant | light water ⓘ |
| coreDiameter | about 2.9 m ⓘ |
| coreHeight | about 2.5–2.6 m ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Soviet Union ⓘ |
| designer | OKB Gidropress ⓘ |
| earlierVariant |
VVER-440/V-230
ⓘ
linked to:
VVER-440
|
| electricalOutput | 440 MWe ⓘ |
| exportedBy | Soviet Union ⓘ |
| firstCommercialOperationCountry | Soviet Union ⓘ |
| firstGridConnectionYear | 1971 ⓘ |
| fuelAssemblyLattice | hexagonal lattice ⓘ |
| fuelEnrichmentRange | typically up to about 3.6–4.4% U-235 ⓘ |
| fuelForm | uranium dioxide ⓘ |
| fuelType | low-enriched uranium ⓘ |
| generation | Generation II ⓘ |
| hasVariant |
VVER-440/V-213
ⓘ
linked to:
VVER-440
VVER-440/V-230 ⓘ
linked to:
VVER-440
|
| laterVariant |
VVER-440/V-213
ⓘ
linked to:
VVER-440
|
| moderator | light water ⓘ |
| modernLifetimeExtension | up to 50–60 years with upgrades ⓘ |
| netElectricalOutputRange | around 408–440 MWe ⓘ |
| neutronSpectrum | thermal ⓘ |
| numberOfLoops | 6 ⓘ |
| primaryCircuitConfiguration | six-loop design ⓘ |
| primaryCoolantInletTemperature | around 270 °C ⓘ |
| primaryCoolantOutletTemperature | around 300 °C ⓘ |
| primaryPressure | about 12.5–12.7 MPa ⓘ |
| reactorType | PWR ⓘ |
| safetySystems |
containment spray system
ⓘ
emergency core cooling system ⓘ hydrogen recombiners in later upgrades ⓘ |
| steamGeneratorType | horizontal steam generator ⓘ |
| steamPressureSecondarySide | around 4.6–4.8 MPa ⓘ |
| successorModel | VVER-1000 ⓘ |
| thermalOutput | approximately 1375 MWth ⓘ |
| thermalReactor | true ⓘ |
| typicalDesignLife | 30 years original design life ⓘ |
| typicalFuelCycleLength | approximately 12–18 months ⓘ |
| typicalNumberOfFuelAssemblies | 349 ⓘ |
| usedInCountry |
Armenia
ⓘ
Bulgaria ⓘ Czech Republic ⓘ East Germany ⓘ Finland ⓘ Hungary ⓘ Russia ⓘ Slovakia ⓘ Ukraine ⓘ |
| V-213Features |
improved containment and safety systems
ⓘ
improved emergency core cooling ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: VVER-440 Description of subject: VVER-440 is a Soviet-designed pressurized water reactor (PWR) model widely used in nuclear power plants across Eastern Europe and Finland.
Referenced by (14)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
Loviisa
linked to: VVER-440
linked to: VVER-440
linked to: VVER-440
linked to: VVER-440
linked to: VVER-440
linked to: VVER-440
linked to: VVER-440
linked to: VVER-440