Statements (505)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| gptkbp:instance_of |
gptkb:song
gptkb:chess_match |
| gptkbp:advertising |
gptkb:media_coverage
global attention widely covered by media gained significant media attention |
| gptkbp:ai |
gptkb:Artificial_Intelligence
gptkb:machine_learning increased interest in AI research |
| gptkbp:ai_milestone |
in human-computer interaction
|
| gptkbp:aifield_impact |
gptkb:significant
accelerated interest in AI research |
| gptkbp:airesearch_field |
gptkb:strategy
|
| gptkbp:album |
gptkb:The_Suburbs
|
| gptkbp:analyzed_millions_of_positions |
per second
|
| gptkbp:architecture |
parallel processing
|
| gptkbp:audience |
millions of viewers
|
| gptkbp:awarded_for |
various accolades
|
| gptkbp:birth_name |
gptkb:Deep_Thought
|
| gptkbp:chess_ai |
yes
|
| gptkbp:chess_board_representation |
bitboards
bitboard |
| gptkbp:chess_board_size |
8x8
|
| gptkbp:chess_database |
large
|
| gptkbp:chess_database_size |
over 700,000 games
|
| gptkbp:chess_endgame_knowledge |
extensive
|
| gptkbp:chess_endgame_tablebase |
used
|
| gptkbp:chess_engine |
gptkb:Deep_Thought
yes Deep Blue chess engine evaluation function chess playing program |
| gptkbp:chess_engine_type |
dedicated hardware
brute-force search dedicated chess engine |
| gptkbp:chess_game_outcome |
win, lose, draw
|
| gptkbp:chess_match_date |
May 1997
|
| gptkbp:chess_matches_played |
gptkb:6
|
| gptkbp:chess_move_generation |
highly efficient
|
| gptkbp:chess_olympiad |
gptkb:Deep_Thought
worldwide yes classical chess two-player game significant event competitive chess. standard chess brute-force search |
| gptkbp:chess_opening |
gptkb:King's_Gambit
gptkb:Bishop's_Opening gptkb:French_Defense gptkb:Ruy_Lopez gptkb:Sicilian_Scheveningen gptkb:Philidor_Defense gptkb:Sicilian_Poisoned_Pawn gptkb:Pirc_Defense gptkb:Sicilian_Classical gptkb:Slav_Defense gptkb:London_System gptkb:Bogo-Indian_Defense gptkb:Queen's_Indian_Defense gptkb:Sicilian_Defense gptkb:Colossus gptkb:English_Opening gptkb:Italian_Game gptkb:Dutch_Defense gptkb:Grünfeld_Defense gptkb:Scotch_Game gptkb:Nimzo-Indian_Defense gptkb:Scandinavian_Defense gptkb:Albin_Counter-Gambit gptkb:Sicilian_Accelerated_Dragon gptkb:Sicilian_Dragon gptkb:Chigorin_Defense gptkb:Vienna_Game gptkb:Scotch_Gambit gptkb:Sicilian_Hedgehog gptkb:Sicilian_Kan gptkb:Sicilian_Najdorf gptkb:Stonewall_Attack gptkb:King's_Indian_Defense gptkb:Queen's_Gambit gptkb:Benoni_Defense gptkb:Karpov's_Opening gptkb:King's_Indian_Attack gptkb:Catalan_Opening gptkb:Evans_Gambit gptkb:Reti_Opening gptkb:Trompowsky_Attack gptkb:Two_Knights_Defense gptkb:Alekhine's_Defense various extensive used Tarrasch Defense various openings Zukertort Opening Nimzo-Larsen Attack Caro-Kann Defense Benko Gambit Leningrad Dutch utilized for opening strategies |
| gptkbp:chess_performance |
exceptional
|
| gptkbp:chess_piece_types |
pawns, rooks, knights, bishops, queens, kings
|
| gptkbp:chess_position_evaluation |
highly accurate
|
| gptkbp:chess_victory |
gptkb:historical_significance
|
| gptkbp:cognitive_science_field |
gptkb:machine_learning
|
| gptkbp:commercial_release |
gptkb:1996
|
| gptkbp:competed_in |
human grandmasters
|
| gptkbp:competitors |
human chess players
|
| gptkbp:components |
advanced algorithms
|
| gptkbp:computer_type |
gptkb:microprocessor
|
| gptkbp:contributed_to |
understanding of intelligence
|
| gptkbp:contribution |
advancements in AI algorithms
|
| gptkbp:created |
chess competition
|
| gptkbp:created_by |
gptkb:IBM
|
| gptkbp:created_in |
gptkb:1996
the 1980s |
| gptkbp:cultural_impact |
featured in documentaries
featured in documentaries and films in popular media popularized AI in media inspired discussions on AI and ethics |
| gptkbp:current_club |
64 squares
standard 8x8 chessboard |
| gptkbp:decommissioned |
gptkb:1997
|
| gptkbp:defeated |
gptkb:Garry_Kasparov
|
| gptkbp:designed_by |
gptkb:IBM
Feng-hsiung Hsu Murray Campbell Joseph Hoane |
| gptkbp:developed_by |
gptkb:IBM
|
| gptkbp:developer |
gptkb:IBM
|
| gptkbp:development |
gptkb:1985
gptkb:1997 several years approximately 5 years computer scientists and engineers |
| gptkbp:documentary |
gptkb:Game_Over:_Kasparov_and_the_Machine
|
| gptkbp:endgame_database |
used
|
| gptkbp:endgame_tablebases |
pre-calculated endgames
|
| gptkbp:equipment |
custom-built
custom VLSI chips custom-built hardware custom chess chips 30 processors custom-built chess computer |
| gptkbp:evaluates |
material advantage
position evaluation positional evaluation static evaluation used to assess board positions used to assess positions used to assess chess positions |
| gptkbp:evaluation_speed |
200 million positions per second
|
| gptkbp:events |
gptkb:none
gptkb:New_York_City yes six-game match uses algebraic notation |
| gptkbp:famous_fight |
gptkb:Garry_Kasparov
|
| gptkbp:famous_for |
strategic gameplay
defeating world champion AI victory over human defeating Kasparov |
| gptkbp:famous_match |
gptkb:1996_match_against_Kasparov
gptkb:1997 gptkb:Kasparov_vs_Deep_Blue May 11, 1997 1997 match against Garry Kasparov |
| gptkbp:famous_quote |
' I am not a human being.'
' I am a computer' ' The computer is a very strong opponent.' |
| gptkbp:field_of_study |
gptkb:computer_science
|
| gptkbp:fifth_game_result |
gptkb:loss
win |
| gptkbp:final_match_date |
gptkb:1997
gptkb:New_York_City May 1997 Deep Blue won May 20, 1997 May 11, 1997 won by Deep Blue Deep Blue won 2-1 |
| gptkbp:final_name |
gptkb:Deep_Blue
|
| gptkbp:final_score |
3.5 to 2.5
3.5 -2.5 |
| gptkbp:first_appearance |
defeat a reigning world champion in a match
|
| gptkbp:first_computer_to_defeat |
world champion in a match
|
| gptkbp:first_edition |
gptkb:Deep_Thought
|
| gptkbp:first_game_win_date |
May 3, 1997
|
| gptkbp:first_match |
gptkb:1996
gptkb:1997 gptkb:New_York_City gptkb:Philadelphia gptkb:Garry_Kasparov May 1997 February 10, 1996 won lost Deep Blue won Kasparov won May 3, 1997 May 11, 1997 |
| gptkbp:fourth_game_result |
win
draw |
| gptkbp:game_community |
mixed reactions
mixed feelings |
| gptkbp:game_database |
maintains extensive game database
|
| gptkbp:gameplay |
draw
|
| gptkbp:genre |
indie rock
|
| gptkbp:group_size |
over 50 engineers
|
| gptkbp:has_ability |
play chess
evaluate 200 million positions per second |
| gptkbp:has_processing_power |
30 teraflops
|
| gptkbp:has_programs |
chess algorithms
minimax algorithm minimax brute-force search |
| gptkbp:historical_achievement |
gptkb:Artificial_Intelligence
|
| gptkbp:historical_impact |
changed perception of AI
|
| gptkbp:historical_significance |
landmark event in AI history
|
| gptkbp:history |
analyzed historical games
|
| gptkbp:home_port |
gptkb:monitor
gptkb:keyboard |
| https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label |
Deep Blue
|
| gptkbp:impact |
AI development
|
| gptkbp:influence |
changed perception of computers in chess
changed competitive landscape |
| gptkbp:influenced |
robotics research
computer chess programs |
| gptkbp:influenced_by |
gptkb:computer_science
artificial intelligence research previous chess programs |
| gptkbp:input_output |
chess moves
chess notation best moves chess positions best move suggestions computer-generated moves human chess moves |
| gptkbp:inspiration |
gptkb:AI_technology
other chess engines future AI chess programs |
| gptkbp:inspired |
further research in AI
documentaries and films further AI research future AI competitions subsequent chess engines |
| gptkbp:inspired_by |
gptkb:Deep_Thought
|
| gptkbp:is_a_symbol_of |
AI capabilities
AI advancement |
| gptkbp:is_analyzed_in |
AI and machine learning
computer scientists over 200 million positions per second |
| gptkbp:is_designed_for |
playing chess
|
| gptkbp:is_played_by |
gptkb:1997
gptkb:chess_match six games |
| gptkbp:kasparov_reaction |
expressed frustration after loss
|
| gptkbp:kasparov's_reaction |
controversial
|
| gptkbp:kasparov's_statement |
computer cannot think
|
| gptkbp:known_as |
the chess computer
|
| gptkbp:known_for |
strategic gameplay
|
| gptkbp:landmark |
gptkb:computer_science
|
| gptkbp:language |
gptkb:C_programming_language
|
| gptkbp:latest_version |
Deep Blue 2
|
| gptkbp:legacy |
AI in games
influence on AI development influence on computer chess paved the way for future AI in games modern AI systems influence on AI chess engines inspired future AI systems inspired future AI research |
| gptkbp:length |
4:25
|
| gptkbp:location |
gptkb:New_York_City
|
| gptkbp:match_broadcast |
televised globally
|
| gptkbp:match_duration |
six games
6 games April 1997 to May 1997 |
| gptkbp:match_rules |
standard chess rules
FIDE rules of chess |
| gptkbp:match_statistics |
extensive
extensively analyzed by experts analyzed by chess experts 2 wins, 1 loss, 3 draws Deep Blue won 3.5 -2.5 Deep Blue won the match 4-2 victory for Deep Blue 4-2 in favor of Kasparov 2 wins, 1 loss, 3 draws in 1996 3 wins, 1 loss in 1997 studied for future AI development |
| gptkbp:match_time_control |
2 hours per game
|
| gptkbp:match_type |
six games
six-game match best of six games |
| gptkbp:matches_played |
aggressive play style
extensive analysis of Kasparov's games |
| gptkbp:maximum_search_depth |
6 moves
|
| gptkbp:move_generation |
yes
automated |
| gptkbp:move_selection |
selects best possible moves
|
| gptkbp:named_after |
the chess term 'deep blue'
the color of chess pieces |
| gptkbp:notable_achievement |
gptkb:IBM
defeated Garry Kasparov |
| gptkbp:notable_event |
gptkb:World_Chess_Championship
1997 match against Kasparov |
| gptkbp:notable_feature |
massive parallelism
ability to analyze millions of positions per second brute-force search ability to evaluate 200 million positions per second |
| gptkbp:notable_games |
standard chess rules
Game 6 against Kasparov Game 1, 1996 Game 6, 1997 |
| gptkbp:notable_match |
gptkb:New_York_City
1997 World Chess Championship Deep Blue vs Garry Kasparov 1997 |
| gptkbp:number_of_chess_positions_evaluated_per_second |
200 million
|
| gptkbp:number_of_positions_evaluated |
200 million per second
|
| gptkbp:opening_book |
used
pre-programmed openings |
| gptkbp:opening_date |
May 11-20, 1997
|
| gptkbp:operating_system |
gptkb:AIX
|
| gptkbp:opponent |
gptkb:Garry_Kasparov
analyzes opponent's moves |
| gptkbp:outcome |
gptkb:victory
|
| gptkbp:part_of |
AI history
AI folklore |
| gptkbp:performance |
superior to human players
|
| gptkbp:performed_by |
gptkb:Arcade_Fire
|
| gptkbp:piece_types |
6 types
|
| gptkbp:played_against |
gptkb:Garry_Kasparov
other computers |
| gptkbp:post_match_legacy |
remains a symbol of AI achievement
|
| gptkbp:processing_power |
30 teraflops
over 30 teraflops |
| gptkbp:processor |
gptkb:30
|
| gptkbp:programming_language |
gptkb:C
|
| gptkbp:project |
Feng-hsiung Hsu
|
| gptkbp:provides_information_on |
historical games
historical chess games |
| gptkbp:public_perception |
iconic
viewed as a technological marvel |
| gptkbp:ram |
256 MB
8 GB 16 terabytes 16 teraflops |
| gptkbp:rating |
over 2700
over 2500 2700+ Deep Blue's rating was estimated at 2500+ estimated at 2500+ |
| gptkbp:recognized_by |
gptkb:IEEE
|
| gptkbp:referee |
Arbiters from FIDE
|
| gptkbp:release_year |
gptkb:1997
gptkb:2010 |
| gptkbp:released |
gptkb:1997
|
| gptkbp:rematch |
gptkb:1997
won Deep Blue won |
| gptkbp:replaced_by |
gptkb:Deep_Blue_II
gptkb:Fritz |
| gptkbp:research_areas |
gptkb:computer_science
gptkb:machine_learning |
| gptkbp:research_institutes |
gptkb:IBM
|
| gptkbp:result |
alpha-beta pruning
2 wins, 1 loss, 3 draws Deep Blue won 2-1 significant in AI history 1 win, 0 losses, 3 draws |
| gptkbp:retired |
gptkb:1997
after 1997 1997 match the 1997 match after 1997 match |
| gptkbp:retirement_year |
gptkb:1997
|
| gptkbp:search_depth |
up to 14 moves ahead
up to 12 moves ahead up to 20 moves ahead |
| gptkbp:second_game_result |
win
|
| gptkbp:second_game_win_date |
May 11, 1997
|
| gptkbp:significance |
first computer to defeat a world champion in a match
first computer to defeat a reigning world champion first computer to defeat a reigning world champion in a match first AI to defeat a human world champion in a match first computer to win a match against a world champion |
| gptkbp:sixth_game_result |
draw
|
| gptkbp:speed |
200 million positions per second
|
| gptkbp:status |
decommissioned
retired after 1997 |
| gptkbp:strategic_importance |
high
|
| gptkbp:strategy |
gptkb:initiative
sacrifices strategic planning theoretical knowledge psychological factors positional play threat assessment transpositions control of the center endgame techniques king safety tactical play pawn structure open files various strategies practical play counterplay opening preparation opening traps piece activity defensive resources endgame analysis positional evaluation minimax algorithm dynamic evaluation static evaluation space advantage tactical and strategic play weak squares attacking plans defensive plans evaluation of material balance material evaluation move generation search depth tactical calculation |
| gptkbp:successor |
gptkb:Deep_Blue_II
gptkb:Watson gptkb:Deep_Thought gptkb:Fritz gptkb:Deep_Junior |
| gptkbp:team |
gptkb:IBM
Allen Newell David Levy Douglas Hofstadter Herbert Simon Judea Pearl Stephen Wolfram Leslie Valiant Richard Sutton Edward Feigenbaum Peter Norvig Stuart Russell Daphne Koller John Holland David Poole Richard Korf Michael Littman Anantharaman Ray Solomonoff Michael Buro Feng-hsiung Hsu Murray Campbell Joseph Hoane Alan Newell John Mc Carthy |
| gptkbp:technology |
gptkb:Artificial_Intelligence
|
| gptkbp:third_game_result |
gptkb:loss
draw |
| gptkbp:tournament |
gptkb:none
|
| gptkbp:training |
gptkb:machine_learning
machine learning techniques |
| gptkbp:type |
gptkb:Artificial_Intelligence
gptkb:chess_match computer chess engine |
| gptkbp:unveiled_on |
gptkb:1996
|
| gptkbp:used_in |
AI competitions
chess tournaments |
| gptkbp:used_parallel_processing |
to analyze positions
|
| gptkbp:user_interface |
gptkb:user_interface
graphical interface graphical display |
| gptkbp:uses |
gptkb:Artificial_Intelligence
parallel processing |
| gptkbp:uses_technology |
parallel processing
|
| gptkbp:was_a_chess_engine_that_utilized |
brute-force search techniques
|
| gptkbp:was_a_chess_program_that_could_evaluate |
positions and moves effectively
|
| gptkbp:was_a_chess_program_that_could_learn_from |
previous games
|
| gptkbp:was_a_chess_program_that_faced_criticism_for |
its lack of human intuition
|
| gptkbp:was_a_computer_chess_program |
developed by a team of engineers
|
| gptkbp:was_a_computer_that_changed_perceptions_of |
AI in society
|
| gptkbp:was_a_demonstration_of |
computational power
|
| gptkbp:was_a_key_player_in_the_evolution_of |
computer chess
|
| gptkbp:was_a_part_of_a_larger_project |
to advance AI technology
|
| gptkbp:was_a_pivotal_moment_in_the_history_of |
human-computer interaction
|
| gptkbp:was_a_prototype_for_future |
AI systems
|
| gptkbp:was_part_of |
a series of matches against Kasparov
|
| gptkbp:was_programmed_with |
advanced algorithms
|
| gptkbp:was_the_first_computer_to |
defeat a reigning world champion in a match
|
| gptkbp:was_the_first_computer_to_win |
a game against a reigning world champion
|
| gptkbp:won |
six-game match
1997 match against Garry Kasparov |
| gptkbp:won_the_match |
4-2
|
| gptkbp:year |
gptkb:1996
gptkb:1997 |
| gptkbp:year_of_development_start |
gptkb:1985
|
| gptkbp:year_of_second_match |
gptkb:1997
|
| gptkbp:bfsParent |
gptkb:Bobby_Fischer
gptkb:Kasparov |
| gptkbp:bfsLayer |
4
|