Cixi

GPTKB entity

Statements (944)

Predicate	Object
gptkbp:instance_of	gptkb:Emperor gptkb:historical_figure
gptkbp:advances	gptkb:China gptkb:Self-Strengthening_Movement Chinese military
gptkbp:aims_to_improve	China's position against France China's position against Germany German influence in Asia
gptkbp:alliance	gptkb:Britain gptkb:France gptkb:Germany gptkb:Russia European powers Germany against Russia
gptkbp:allies	Western powers including France
gptkbp:associated_with	gptkb:Cixi's_palace gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion gptkb:Empress_Dowager_Cixi gptkb:Emperor gptkb:Power_struggles gptkb:Self-Strengthening_Movement gptkb:international_relations Chinese history Political intrigue Historical narratives Reform movements Cultural conservatism Women's role in politics Qing dynasty reforms Qing dynasty decline Imperial court politics Chinese imperial history Cixi's court Cixi's foreign policy Cixi's governance style Cixi's historical portrayal Cixi's historical significance Cixi's impact on China Cixi's impact on women's rights in China Cixi's influence on Chinese society Cixi's influence on successors Cixi's legacy Cixi's policies Cixi's political strategies Cixi's reforms Cixi's relationship with Guangxu Emperor Cixi's relationship with foreign powers Cixi's role in modernization Cixi's role in the Boxer Rebellion Imperial concubines Nationalism in China
gptkbp:birth_date	November 29, 1835
gptkbp:birth_place	gptkb:Beijing gptkb:Beijing,_China
gptkbp:birth_year	1835
gptkbp:born	1835
gptkbp:born_in	gptkb:Beijing 1835
gptkbp:born_on	November 29, 1835
gptkbp:can	Guangxu Emperor's reforms
gptkbp:challenges	gptkb:social_reform European powers foreign powers foreign intervention French imperialism Belgian economic policies internal rebellions and foreign threats
gptkbp:child	gptkb:Tongzhi_Emperor
gptkbp:children	gptkb:Prince_Zaiyi gptkb:Princess_Duan gptkb:Prince_Zaitao
gptkbp:constructed_in	the Beijing-Hankou Railway
gptkbp:contemporary	gptkb:Belgian_King_Leopold_II
gptkbp:contribution_to_nationalism	indirect
gptkbp:controls	gptkb:Western_powers gptkb:court_cases Westernization Japanese expansionism
gptkbp:controversy	gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion Boxer Rebellion involvement
gptkbp:court	dominant
gptkbp:cultural_exchange	gptkb:Italy gptkb:Japan gptkb:Austria-Hungary
gptkbp:cultural_impact	gptkb:patron_of_the_arts Patron of the arts Chinese society Chinese art and culture Modernization efforts in China
gptkbp:cultural_influence	Patron of the arts Promotion of women's rights Supporter of education reforms
gptkbp:deals_with	gptkb:Nian_Rebellion gptkb:Taiping_Rebellion French missionaries British trade interests Portuguese colonial interests Belgian missionaries in China Foreign Concessions German concessions
gptkbp:death	1908
gptkbp:death_date	November 15, 1908
gptkbp:death_place	gptkb:Beijing gptkb:Beijing,_China
gptkbp:death_year	1908
gptkbp:depicted_in	gptkb:French_literature a powerful leader by Belgium a reformer by some historians
gptkbp:died	1908
gptkbp:died_in	1908
gptkbp:died_on	November 15, 1908
gptkbp:diplomatic_relations	gptkb:Trans-Siberian_Railway gptkb:Germany gptkb:Italy gptkb:Japan gptkb:Russia gptkb:Siberia gptkb:United_States gptkb:Austria-Hungary gptkb:Russian_Far_East gptkb:complex active balance of power France during her reign France during her reign. Sino-Russian border issues
gptkbp:dynasty	gptkb:Qing_dynasty gptkb:Qing_Dynasty
gptkbp:economic_policy	protectionist limited access for women
gptkbp:economy	foreign influences French and British influences traditional values and modernization
gptkbp:educational_value	limited reforms
gptkbp:encouraged	Women's Education foreign trade trade with Portugal Belgian investments in China German investments in China
gptkbp:engaged_in	diplomatic relations with France diplomatic negotiations with Germany
gptkbp:engagement	gptkb:Russian_Empire American missionaries Russian diplomats Russian officials Italian diplomats
gptkbp:established	gptkb:Peking_University legations in Belgium trade agreements with Germany
gptkbp:exerted_power	through Guangxu Emperor
gptkbp:faced	gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion British imperialism foreign intervention French colonial expansion internal rebellions Opposition from reformers foreign pressures criticism from reformers Internal Rebellions Spanish colonial interests in the Philippines foreign pressures from Belgium
gptkbp:faced_foreign_intervention_during	gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion
gptkbp:faced_pressure_from	foreign powers including Germany
gptkbp:famous_rival	gptkb:Guangxu_Emperor
gptkbp:foreign_policy_challenges	gptkb:Russia
gptkbp:fosters	gptkb:Cultural_Exchange Western education in China cultural exchanges with Germany economic ties with Belgium
gptkbp:founded_in	gptkb:Peking_University gptkb:the_Imperial_Academy_of_Arts
gptkbp:governed_by	the decline of Qing dynasty influence
gptkbp:had	A Complex Legacy Advisors from the West a complex legacy regarding foreign relations a significant impact on China's history a significant impact on Sino-Belgian relations. complex relations with Britain cultural exchanges with Belgium diplomatic missions to Belgium personal correspondence with Belgian officials
gptkbp:had_a_strategic_relationship_with	France during the late Qing dynasty
gptkbp:had_advisors_from	Various backgrounds
gptkbp:had_diplomatic_missions_to	gptkb:France
gptkbp:has_impact_on	China's foreign policy China's modernization efforts China's transition to modernity
gptkbp:has_influence_on	Succession of Emperors
gptkbp:has_legacy	Chinese history Sino-Japanese relations
gptkbp:has_relationship_with	gptkb:Japan French culture French military advisors foreign missionaries French diplomats in Beijing
gptkbp:historical_assessments	divided opinions
gptkbp:historical_context	late 19th century China
gptkbp:historical_debate	numerous Influence on Chinese nationalism Representation in modern media Role in the fall of the Qing Dynasty Debate over her legacy Role in the 1911 Revolution Impact on Qing Dynasty's decline Role in shaping modern Chinese identity Criticism of her rule Impact on modern China Analysis of her political maneuvers Assessment of her economic policies Critique of her leadership style Defenders of her policies Discussion of her diplomatic efforts Evaluation of her military strategies Examination of her personal life Feminist interpretations of her rule Legacy in contemporary China Study of her influence on successors
gptkbp:historical_interpretation	varied perspectives
gptkbp:historical_legacy	minimal enduring
gptkbp:historical_reevaluation	ongoing
gptkbp:historical_significance	gptkb:Late_Qing_Dynasty gptkb:late_Qing_Dynasty gptkb:Last_effective_ruler_of_the_Qing_Dynasty Sino-Russian relations Late Qing reforms major figure in Qing history
https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Cixi
gptkbp:impact	gptkb:Meiji_Restoration gptkb:Manchuria East Asia Chinese nationalism Sino-American relations Sino-Russian relations Chinese territorial integrity Italian trade policies
gptkbp:impact_on_chinese_society	transformative
gptkbp:impact_on_imperial_governance	centralized power
gptkbp:impact_on_modern_china	foundational
gptkbp:impact_on_qing_policies	gptkb:significant
gptkbp:impact_on_women's_roles	traditional
gptkbp:influence	gptkb:Sino-Japanese_War gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion gptkb:Qing_Dynasty Chinese politics Chinese foreign policy Foreign policy of China Chinese modernization Westernization of China Guangxu Emperor's policies Italian-Chinese relations
gptkbp:influence_on	Chinese society Modern Chinese history Economic reforms in China Chinese foreign policy Sino-Japanese relations Chinese feminism Chinese political landscape Chinese military reforms Fall of the Qing Dynasty Qing Dynasty's decline Chinese reform movements Chinese international relations Political discourse in China Chinese diplomacy Chinese sovereignty issues Historical memory in China Nationalism in China Historical narratives in China Cultural identity in China Education reforms in China National identity in China Political reforms in China Anti-imperialism in China Artistic representations of women in China Chinese Communist Party's view of history Cultural heritage in China Cultural preservation in China Cultural reforms in China Gender roles in China Historical education in China Historical scholarship in China Historical tourism in China Legacy of imperial rule in China Public perception of monarchy in China Republic of China formation Role of women in politics in China Social reforms in China Women's rights movements in China
gptkbp:influence_on_chinese_feminism	minimal
gptkbp:influence_on_chinese_identity	subtle
gptkbp:influence_on_later_leaders	notable
gptkbp:influence_on_qing_reforms	limited effectiveness
gptkbp:influence_on_succession	political heirs
gptkbp:influence_on_succession_planning	strategic
gptkbp:influence_on_women's_rights	limited
gptkbp:influenced	gptkb:Sino-French_War Chinese politics Chinese art and culture the imperial court Chinese foreign relations Sino-British relations Sino-German relations Chinese policies Belgian public opinion about China Chinese Reform Movements French policy in Asia Sino-Belgian relations Sino-Western Relations
gptkbp:influenced_by	gptkb:Western_powers gptkb:Western_Powers German advisors
gptkbp:influenced_foreign_policy_towards	gptkb:Russia
gptkbp:interacts_with	Foreign Diplomats
gptkbp:international_relations	gptkb:Sino-Japanese_War gptkb:Unequal_Treaties gptkb:Italy gptkb:Self-Strengthening_Movement national sovereignty notable strained defensive Great Powers Relations with Japan Relations with Western powers
gptkbp:involved_in	gptkb:Sino-Japanese_War
gptkbp:involvement	gptkb:Sino-Japanese_War
gptkbp:involvement_in_military_affairs	gptkb:significant
gptkbp:is_a_figure_in	Chinese history
gptkbp:is_a_member_of	gptkb:the_Manchu_nobility
gptkbp:is_a_subject_of	French historians
gptkbp:is_a_symbol_of	imperial authority Chinese resistance to foreign domination
gptkbp:is_adept_at	Political maneuvering
gptkbp:is_aleader_in	Transition to modernity
gptkbp:is_challenged_by	reformist movements
gptkbp:is_criticized_for	gptkb:Western_powers gptkb:Western_Media Historians Resistance to Change Chinese history conservatism Conservative Policies British media Chinese reformers Corruption in government in Chinese history French diplomats French historical narratives her authoritarian rule Her rule style her conservative policies her foreign policy decisions her handling of foreign affairs her handling of foreign relations
gptkbp:is_facilitated_by	gptkb:Liu_Bocheng gptkb:Liang_Qichao gptkb:Zeng_Guofan gptkb:Li_Hongzhang gptkb:Sun_Yat-sen gptkb:Yuan_Shikai gptkb:Wu_Peifu gptkb:Xi_Jinping gptkb:Wang_Jingwei gptkb:Chiang_Kai-shek gptkb:Lin_Biao gptkb:Mao_Zedong gptkb:Zhou_Enlai gptkb:Chen_Jiongming gptkb:Chen_Yi gptkb:Deng_Xiaoping gptkb:Liu_Shaoqi gptkb:Peng_Dehuai gptkb:Feng_Yuxiang gptkb:Hu_Jintao gptkb:Duan_Qirui gptkb:Empress_Dowager_Longyu gptkb:Zhang_Zhidong gptkb:Ye_Jianying gptkb:Zuo_Zongtang gptkb:Zhang_Xun gptkb:Prince_Gong
gptkbp:is_implemented_in	reforms in education
gptkbp:is_influential_in	Cultural changes the late 19th century the Qing Dynasty's governance
gptkbp:is_married_to	gptkb:Xianfeng_Emperor
gptkbp:is_opposed_by	gptkb:Chinese_nationalists Western imperialism foreign intervention reformists foreign missionaries Guangxu Emperor's reforms Conservative Officials French interests in China
gptkbp:is_portrayed_as	various films and literature Films and literature French media
gptkbp:is_regarded_as	A Powerful Leader A symbol of female power Powerful female leader
gptkbp:is_related_to	Emperor Xianfeng
gptkbp:is_sought_after_by	gptkb:China's_military Foreign Investment modernization of China German technology foreign support Western Technology China's military capabilities with German assistance China with French assistance China with German help China's image in France China's international standing with Germany's help Western technology from Belgium military support from Belgium scientific collaboration with Belgium sovereignty against Germany strengthen China's sovereignty to balance foreign powers to maintain imperial authority to modernize the military to strengthen China's sovereignty
gptkbp:is_visited_by	gptkb:Germany gptkb:Vienna
gptkbp:key_player	the fall of the Qing Dynasty in the Qing dynasty's decline the Qing court politics the Qing dynasty's foreign policy towards France the international response to the Boxer Rebellion
gptkbp:kingdom	gptkb:Qing_Dynasty gptkb:Guangxu_Emperor gptkb:Tongzhi_Emperor her son Guangxu Emperor
gptkbp:known_as	gptkb:Empress_Dowager_Cixi
gptkbp:known_for	gptkb:political_maneuvering Political influence Conservative policies Modernization efforts Modernization of China Political influence in Qing dynasty Political influence in late Qing Dynasty Political influence in China modernizing China Influence in Qing Dynasty politics
gptkbp:leadership	Chinese history Chinese imperial history the late Qing dynasty
gptkbp:led_to	Qing reforms
gptkbp:legacy	gptkb:Modern_China controversial Controversial figure controversial figure Symbol of imperial power Controversial figure in Chinese history Mixed views on her rule Criticized for conservatism
gptkbp:legislation	gptkb:Hundred_Days'_Reform gptkb:Self-Strengthening_Movement
gptkbp:managed_by	gptkb:international_relations Foreign Relations foreign diplomacy foreign concessions Imperial court politics China's foreign relations
gptkbp:media_appearances	gptkb:television_series gptkb:Documentaries Biographies varied Films and literature Historical novels
gptkbp:meets	Belgian diplomats
gptkbp:mother	gptkb:Guangxu_Emperor gptkb:Tongzhi_Emperor
gptkbp:narrative	evolving
gptkbp:navigation_system	international diplomacy French colonial policies complex international relations Complex Diplomacy complex relations with Belgium diplomatic tensions with Portugal
gptkbp:negotiated_by	gptkb:Treaty_of_Shimonoseki gptkb:Treaty_of_Tientsin gptkb:Italy gptkb:Russian_Empire gptkb:Boxer_Protocol foreign powers treaties with foreign powers Japanese officials treaties with foreign nations U. S. diplomats military alliances with Germany treaties with Belgium with British diplomats
gptkbp:negotiation_outcome_with	gptkb:Russia
gptkbp:notable_burials	gptkb:Peking
gptkbp:notable_figures	Chinese history the history of China the history of China. the history of imperial China the history of Sino-Portuguese relations 19th-century Sino-French relations the history of Sino-French interactions the history of women's leadership in China the late Qing dynasty the late Qing reforms the history of Chinese feminism
gptkbp:notable_players	the politics of her time the politics of the Qing dynasty
gptkbp:occurs_in	Western Imperialism German military presence French military presence German opposition Anglo-Chinese disputes
gptkbp:partnership	France against Russia
gptkbp:patronage	art and literature
gptkbp:performed_by	gptkb:Fall_of_Qing_Dynasty
gptkbp:policy_towards	gptkb:Japan
gptkbp:political_ideology	gptkb:conservative
gptkbp:political_position	gptkb:Monarch De facto ruler
gptkbp:portrayal_in_history	often negative
gptkbp:portrayed_in	gptkb:Films Books In literature and film
gptkbp:predecessor	gptkb:Emperor_Tongzhi gptkb:Xianfeng_Emperor Emperor Xianfeng
gptkbp:promoted	modernization efforts Modernization Efforts Women's rights in China modernization efforts in China cultural exchange with Belgium cultural exchange with Portugal
gptkbp:public_perception	Japanese modernization Russian influence in Asia U. S. influence in China
gptkbp:reform	gptkb:Hundred_Days'_Reform gptkb:Self-Strengthening_Movement
gptkbp:reign	gptkb:Qing_Dynasty 1861 1908 1861-1908
gptkbp:reign_end	1908
gptkbp:reign_start	1861
gptkbp:relationship	gptkb:Western_powers gptkb:Britain gptkb:France gptkb:Italy gptkb:Netherlands gptkb:Austria-Hungary gptkb:Guangxu_Emperor gptkb:Habsburg_dynasty European powers Italy's diplomatic missions
gptkbp:relationship_with	gptkb:Sino-Japanese_War gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion gptkb:Opium_Wars gptkb:Taiping_Rebellion gptkb:Treaty_of_Shimonoseki gptkb:Western_powers gptkb:Belgium gptkb:Britain gptkb:France gptkb:Germany gptkb:Japan gptkb:Portugal gptkb:Russia gptkb:South_Korea gptkb:Spain gptkb:United_Kingdom gptkb:United_States gptkb:Kaiser_Wilhelm_II gptkb:Manchukuo gptkb:Western_Powers gptkb:Sino-French_War gptkb:Western_missionaries gptkb:Chinese_literature gptkb:philosophy Chinese economy Chinese history Chinese nationalism Chinese festivals Chinese bureaucracy Chinese traditions Chinese military Chinese sovereignty Chinese heritage Chinese foreign policy Western nations Chinese reformers Chinese imperial court Chinese intellectuals Chinese education reforms Chinese trade Chinese customs Chinese religion Sino-Russian relations Chinese arts Chinese identity Chinese international relations Chinese diplomacy Siberian territories Chinese technology Chinese unity Chinese agriculture Chinese industry Chinese women Chinese independence Chinese infrastructure Chinese foreign aid Chinese foreign investment Chinese foreign trade Chinese peace efforts
gptkbp:relationship_with_guangxu_emperor	turbulent
gptkbp:relationship_with_reform_movements	ambivalent
gptkbp:relationship_with_reformers	conflicted
gptkbp:relationship_with_the_military	strategic
gptkbp:relationship_with_the_west	gptkb:complex
gptkbp:relationship_with_traditionalists	tense
gptkbp:resides_in	gptkb:Forbidden_City
gptkbp:responds_to	gptkb:Treaty_of_Peking gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion gptkb:First_Sino-Japanese_War gptkb:Treaty_of_Nanking gptkb:Russo-Japanese_War British colonial policies foreign intervention German imperialism German colonial ambitions Belgian colonial interests Russian treaties German demands Belgian interests in China French criticism French demands Italian interests in China Portuguese demands Spanish demands in Asia
gptkbp:response_to_foreign_powers	gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion
gptkbp:response_to_modernization	mixed
gptkbp:response_to_revolutions	repressive
gptkbp:role	gptkb:Emperor Sino-Russian treaties
gptkbp:role_in_the_fall_of_the_qing	contributory
gptkbp:role_in_the_opium_wars	indirect
gptkbp:ruled	gptkb:the_Qing_Dynasty gptkb:Qing_Dynasty during Qing dynasty
gptkbp:saw	British influence in China
gptkbp:saw_the_importance_of	international diplomacy
gptkbp:signed_by	gptkb:Treaty_of_Tientsin
gptkbp:sought_advice_from	Belgian advisors
gptkbp:spouse	gptkb:Xianfeng_Emperor Emperor Xianfeng
gptkbp:strategy	gptkb:power_struggles Consolidation of power
gptkbp:succeeded_by	gptkb:Emperor_Guangxu
gptkbp:successor	gptkb:Puyi gptkb:Emperor_Guangxu gptkb:Emperor_Xuantong
gptkbp:support	gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion gptkb:Germany gptkb:Self-Strengthening_Movement Western Nations Chinese sovereignty Chinese reformers Chinese territorial claims Chinese independence France against Japan
gptkbp:supported	gptkb:Self-Strengthening_Movement modernization efforts Westernization efforts Chinese nationalism conservative factions Reforms in education the Self-Strengthening Movement Boxers against foreign powers French interests in China Sino-German cooperation Sino-Spanish relations trade agreements with Belgium
gptkbp:supported_reforms_in	gptkb:China
gptkbp:territorial_disputes_with	gptkb:Russia
gptkbp:title	gptkb:Emperor
gptkbp:trade_goods	gptkb:Italy
gptkbp:treaty	gptkb:Western_powers gptkb:Russia gptkb:Boxer_Protocol
gptkbp:utilized	German expertise in military reforms
gptkbp:view	gptkb:Western_powers American culture Russian imperialism
gptkbp:was	A controversial figure a significant historical figure a powerful woman in history a patron of the arts a controversial leader A patron of the arts A subject of historical debate A powerful female leader a proponent of modernization A figure in the history of Chinese governance and reform. A figure in the transition to republicanism in China A leader during the Qing Dynasty's internal conflicts A figure in the history of Chinese empresses and regents A figure in the history of Chinese imperial politics A figure in the fall of the Qing Dynasty A figure in the history of Chinese diplomacy A figure in the history of Chinese dynastic rule A figure in the history of Chinese empresses A figure in the history of Chinese governance A figure in the history of Chinese imperial rule A figure in the history of Chinese imperialism A figure in the history of Chinese leadership A figure in the history of Chinese modernization A figure in the history of Chinese political power A figure in the history of Chinese women's roles A figure in the history of feminism in China A key figure in late Qing history A leader during a time of upheaval A leader during the Boxer Protocol negotiations A leader during the Qing Dynasty's decline A leader during the Taiping Rebellion A leader during the fall of the Qing Dynasty A leader during the late 19th century A leader during the late 19th century reforms A leader during the late Qing reforms A leader during the transition to modern China A participant in the Sino-Japanese War A proponent of the Hundred Days' Reform A ruler during the Opium Wars A supporter of education reforms A symbol of imperial authority A leader during the Qing Dynasty's response to modernization pressures A leader during the Qing Dynasty's struggles with foreign powers A leader during the Qing Dynasty's modernization efforts A leader during the Qing Dynasty's efforts to maintain power A figure in the history of Chinese imperial authority a controversial empress a figure in Sino-Western relations a figure in the history of feminism in China a figure of intrigue and power struggles a key figure in the late Qing Dynasty a leader during the fall of the Qing Dynasty a proponent of military reform a ruler during a time of change a symbol of imperial China
gptkbp:was_a	gptkb:Emperor gptkb:patron_of_the_arts gptkb:political_leaders Patron of the Arts Controversial Figure controversial historical figure controversial leader female ruler in a patriarchal society Controversial Monarch key figure in Qing Dynasty politics Historical Figure of Interest Symbol of Qing Dynasty symbol of imperial China key player in late Qing reforms Controversial Empress Key Figure in Chinese History Key Player in Qing Politics defender of the Qing Dynasty historical figure of significance. patron of modernization efforts
gptkbp:was_a_concubine	gptkb:Xianfeng_Emperor
gptkbp:was_a_controversial_leader_during	the fall of the Qing Dynasty
gptkbp:was_a_key_figure_in	gptkb:the_Boxer_Rebellion gptkb:Self-Strengthening_Movement the fall of the Qing dynasty the Qing dynasty's modernization efforts Sino-French relations in Qing dynasty politics the Qing Dynasty's diplomatic relations the Qing Dynasty's modernization efforts. the Qing court's foreign policy the Qing dynasty's response to French colonialism the Qing dynasty's response to colonialism the late Qing reforms the response to the Taiping Rebellion the Qing Dynasty's educational reforms the Qing Dynasty's foreign policy the Qing Dynasty's modernization efforts the Qing Dynasty's response to Western imperialism the Qing Dynasty's response to internal strife
gptkbp:was_a_patron_of	Arts and Culture scientific advancements the arts French art and culture the arts and education the Chinese military Chinese arts and culture Belgian art and culture scientific advancements in China
gptkbp:was_a_proponent_of	economic reforms Western technology cultural preservation women's education the arts and culture self-strengthening movement women's education reforms international relations reforms modernization in China Westernization in China influenced by France railway construction in China
gptkbp:was_a_response_to	gptkb:Treaty_of_Shimonoseki gptkb:Open_Door_Policy Russian expansionism Russian aggression Russian naval power Russian military presence Russian expansion in Asia
gptkbp:was_a_significant_figure	in late imperial China
gptkbp:was_acontroversial_regent_in	Qing history
gptkbp:was_akey_figure_in	gptkb:Late_Qing_Reforms Chinese history Qing Dynasty's decline Chinese reform movements Qing Dynasty politics 20th-century China Chinese imperial politics
gptkbp:was_aproponent_of	Cultural preservation Women's rights
gptkbp:was_aregent_during	gptkb:Sino-Japanese_War gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion gptkb:Second_Opium_War Qing Dynasty's last years
gptkbp:was_aregent_for	gptkb:Tongzhi_Emperor
gptkbp:was_criticized_for_her_handling_of	gptkb:international_relations
gptkbp:was_criticized_for_her_role_in	gptkb:the_Opium_Wars
gptkbp:was_educated_at	Traditional Chinese Culture traditional Chinese culture Confucian classics
gptkbp:was_empress_dowager_of	gptkb:Qing_Dynasty gptkb:China
gptkbp:was_influenced_by	gptkb:Western_powers European political ideas Western Ideas Western ideas French revolutionary ideas German political thought French political ideas Belgian political ideas German industrialization.
gptkbp:was_involved_in	gptkb:the_100_Days'_Reform gptkb:Sino-Japanese_War gptkb:Boxer_Rebellion gptkb:Opium_Wars gptkb:the_Opium_Wars gptkb:Diplomatic_negotiations gptkb:Sino-French_War gptkb:the_Boxer_Rebellion gptkb:international_relations International Treaties Diplomatic Negotiations international diplomacy Military Conflicts Economic Reforms International conflicts the fall of the Qing dynasty cultural exchanges with France the fall of the Qing Dynasty the modernization of the military Political Intrigues the establishment of new industries Cultural Reforms the Qing dynasty's foreign policy the establishment of modern schools the establishment of modern universities the development of telecommunications the establishment of modern institutions the Self-Strengthening Movement Sino-Portuguese relations international treaties with Germany the Treaty of Tientsin the cultural exchange between China and France the development of railways with Belgian help the establishment of French schools in China the establishment of German consulates in China the establishment of foreign legations the establishment of modern education systems the establishment of the Chinese Navy the establishment of the first Chinese railway the modernization of China's military the modernization of education the modernization of the Chinese military the negotiation of the Boxer Protocol with Germany the negotiation of the Treaty of Nanking the negotiation of the Treaty of Shimonoseki the negotiation of trade treaties with Germany the negotiation of treaties with France the negotiation of treaties with foreign powers the response to French aggression trade negotiations with France the establishment of diplomatic relations with Britain the establishment of schools with Belgian influence the establishment of the Beiyang Fleet the establishment of the first Chinese newspaper the reform of the civil service system
gptkbp:was_involved_in_the_qing_court's_response_to	foreign pressures
gptkbp:was_involved_in_the_qing_dynasty's_efforts_to	strengthen the economy modernize education
gptkbp:was_involved_in_the_qing_dynasty's_response_to	the Taiping Rebellion the First Sino-Japanese War
gptkbp:was_involved_in_the_signing_of	gptkb:Treaty_of_Shimonoseki
gptkbp:was_known_for	gptkb:political_maneuvering Strong Leadership diplomatic strategies patronage of the arts Political Maneuvering strategic alliances cultural contributions her lavish lifestyle extravagant lifestyle political acumen Strong personality her political acumen her strategic alliances strong personality strong leadership style her diplomatic strategies influence over her son her conservative policies her elaborate court rituals patronage of the military her influence over the Emperor influence over the imperial court strategic governance.
gptkbp:was_part_of	gptkb:Imperial_Court the international community the Qing dynasty's foreign policy the decline of the Qing Dynasty 19th-century geopolitics the Qing dynasty's modernization efforts the Qing dynasty's response to foreign aggression
gptkbp:was_supported_by	conservative factions German military advisors German diplomats
gptkbp:was_the_empress_dowager_of	gptkb:China
gptkbp:bfsParent	gptkb:Dowager_Empress gptkb:Emperor
gptkbp:bfsLayer	4