| gptkbp:instanceOf | gptkb:5G_technology gptkb:cellular_network_standard
 
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                                | gptkbp:access | gptkb:subscriber_identity_module_(SIM) 
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                                | gptkbp:architecture | gptkb:Mobile_Switching_Center_(MSC) gptkb:Authentication_Center_(AUC)
 gptkb:Base_Station_Controller_(BSC)
 gptkb:Base_Transceiver_Station_(BTS)
 gptkb:Equipment_Identity_Register_(EIR)
 gptkb:Home_Location_Register_(HLR)
 gptkb:Visitor_Location_Register_(VLR)
 
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                                | gptkbp:competitor | gptkb:PDC gptkb:D-AMPS
 gptkb:IS-95_(cdmaOne)
 
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                                | gptkbp:dataRate | up to 14.4 kbps 
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                                | gptkbp:declinedAfter | 2010s 
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                                | gptkbp:developedBy | gptkb:European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institute 
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                                | gptkbp:encryption | gptkb:A5/1 gptkb:A5/2
 A5/3
 
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                                | gptkbp:features | encryption authentication
 
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                                | gptkbp:firstReleased | gptkb:Finland 
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                                | gptkbp:frequency | 1800 MHz 1900 MHz
 850 MHz
 900 MHz
 
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                                | gptkbp:hasConcept | circuit-switched packet-switched (with GPRS/EDGE)
 
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                                | gptkbp:hasServiceTo | voice calls MMS
 SMS
 basic data services
 
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                                | gptkbp:improves | gptkb:GPRS gptkb:EDGE
 
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                                | gptkbp:introducedIn | 1991 
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                                | gptkbp:ISOStandard | IMT-2000 precursor 
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                                | gptkbp:modulatedBy | gptkb:FDMA gptkb:TDMA
 
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                                | gptkbp:primaryUse | mobile telephony text messaging
 basic mobile data
 
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                                | gptkbp:replacedBy | 3G networks 
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                                | gptkbp:shutdownIn | many countries by 2020s 
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                                | gptkbp:SIMCardRequired | yes 
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                                | gptkbp:standardizedBy | gptkb:3GPP gptkb:GSM_1800
 gptkb:GSM_1900
 gptkb:GSM_900
 gptkb:ETSI
 gptkb:GSM_850
 
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                                | gptkbp:technology | gptkb:GSM 
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                                | gptkbp:分布地区 | over 200 countries 
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                                | gptkbp:bfsParent | gptkb:A5/1 
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                                | gptkbp:bfsLayer | 7 
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                                | https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label | 2G GSM networks 
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