Triple

T9986376

Position	Surface form	Disambiguated ID	Type / Status
Subject	Cowles Foundation	`E196776`	entity
Predicate	publishes	`P80`	FINISHED
Object	Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers are a series of scholarly working papers in economics and related fields produced by researchers affiliated with the Cowles Foundation at Yale University.	`E833572`	NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini

Instruction

Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).

Input

Phrase: Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers | Statement: [Cowles Foundation, publishes, Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers]

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
Context triple: [Cowles Foundation, publishes, Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers]

A. Cowles Foundation Monograph Series
The Cowles Foundation Monograph Series is a collection of influential scholarly books in economics and econometrics published under the auspices of the Cowles Foundation at Yale University.
B. NBER Working Paper Series
The NBER Working Paper Series is a prominent collection of preliminary economic research papers circulated by the National Bureau of Economic Research to disseminate new findings to scholars and policymakers before formal publication.
C. NBER Macroeconomics Annual
NBER Macroeconomics Annual is a scholarly journal that publishes cutting-edge research and analysis on macroeconomic theory, policy, and empirical work, produced under the auspices of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
D. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity is a leading academic journal that publishes in-depth, policy-relevant research and analysis on macroeconomic issues and economic performance.
E. NBER Digest
NBER Digest is a short, accessible publication that summarizes recent economic research findings produced by scholars affiliated with the National Bureau of Economic Research.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1

Instruction

Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"

Input

Entity: Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
Triple: [Cowles Foundation, publishes, Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers]

Generated description

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers are a series of scholarly working papers in economics and related fields produced by researchers affiliated with the Cowles Foundation at Yale University.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
Target entity description: Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers are a series of scholarly working papers in economics and related fields produced by researchers affiliated with the Cowles Foundation at Yale University.

A. Cowles Foundation Monograph Series
The Cowles Foundation Monograph Series is a collection of influential scholarly books in economics and econometrics published under the auspices of the Cowles Foundation at Yale University.
B. NBER Working Paper Series
The NBER Working Paper Series is a prominent collection of preliminary economic research papers circulated by the National Bureau of Economic Research to disseminate new findings to scholars and policymakers before formal publication.
C. NBER Macroeconomics Annual
NBER Macroeconomics Annual is a scholarly journal that publishes cutting-edge research and analysis on macroeconomic theory, policy, and empirical work, produced under the auspices of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
D. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity is a leading academic journal that publishes in-depth, policy-relevant research and analysis on macroeconomic issues and economic performance.
E. NBER Digest
NBER Digest is a short, accessible publication that summarizes recent economic research findings produced by scholars affiliated with the National Bureau of Economic Research.
F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step	Stage	Batch ID	Status	When
creating	Elicitation	`batch_69ca82f1678c819093d06320a05f16a4`	completed	March 30, 2026, 2:04 p.m.
NER	Named-entity recognition	`batch_69cdc79af13c81909349ae0b0d5da946`	completed	April 2, 2026, 1:34 a.m.
NED1	Entity disambiguation (via context triple)	`batch_69d258078488819086a58db79075e2b9`	completed	April 5, 2026, 12:39 p.m.
NEDg	Description generation	`batch_69d258f0e91881909fdda5a5f3e50d29`	completed	April 5, 2026, 12:43 p.m.
NED2	Entity disambiguation (via description)	`batch_69d259bf38b08190b059dd7bd42d8862`	completed	April 5, 2026, 12:46 p.m.

Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:49 p.m.