Triple

T9961820
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Hugo Krawczyk E195586 entity
Predicate notableConcept P201 FINISHED
Object SIGMA protocol family
The SIGMA protocol family is a class of cryptographic key exchange protocols designed to provide strong security and authentication properties, widely used as the basis for modern secure communication standards.
E831961 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: SIGMA protocol family | Statement: [Hugo Krawczyk, notableConcept, SIGMA protocol family]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: SIGMA protocol family
Context triple: [Hugo Krawczyk, notableConcept, SIGMA protocol family]
  • A. The Sigma Protocol
    The Sigma Protocol is a posthumously published thriller novel by Robert Ludlum that follows a man uncovering a vast global conspiracy tied to secret financial and political powers.
  • B. PSS (Probabilistic Signature Scheme)
    PSS (Probabilistic Signature Scheme) is a cryptographic digital signature method that enhances security by incorporating randomness into the signing process, commonly used with RSA in modern security standards.
  • C. Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems
    "Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems" is Ralph Merkle's influential doctoral thesis that helped lay the foundations of modern public-key cryptography and secure communication protocols.
  • D. Merkle puzzles
    Merkle puzzles are an early cryptographic protocol that introduced the concept of public-key exchange by allowing two parties to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel using computationally asymmetric “puzzle” problems.
  • E. Curve25519-based schemes
    Curve25519-based schemes are cryptographic protocols and algorithms that use the Curve25519 elliptic curve to provide efficient, high-security public-key operations such as key exchange and digital signatures.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: SIGMA protocol family
Triple: [Hugo Krawczyk, notableConcept, SIGMA protocol family]
Generated description
The SIGMA protocol family is a class of cryptographic key exchange protocols designed to provide strong security and authentication properties, widely used as the basis for modern secure communication standards.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: SIGMA protocol family
Target entity description: The SIGMA protocol family is a class of cryptographic key exchange protocols designed to provide strong security and authentication properties, widely used as the basis for modern secure communication standards.
  • A. The Sigma Protocol
    The Sigma Protocol is a posthumously published thriller novel by Robert Ludlum that follows a man uncovering a vast global conspiracy tied to secret financial and political powers.
  • B. Fiat–Shamir heuristic
    The Fiat–Shamir heuristic is a cryptographic technique that transforms interactive proof systems into non-interactive ones using hash functions, widely used in digital signatures and zero-knowledge proofs.
  • C. PSS (Probabilistic Signature Scheme)
    PSS (Probabilistic Signature Scheme) is a cryptographic digital signature method that enhances security by incorporating randomness into the signing process, commonly used with RSA in modern security standards.
  • D. Naor–Yung encryption paradigm
    The Naor–Yung encryption paradigm is a foundational cryptographic framework that uses double encryption and zero-knowledge proofs to transform semantically secure public-key schemes into ones secure against chosen-ciphertext attacks.
  • E. Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems
    "Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems" is Ralph Merkle's influential doctoral thesis that helped lay the foundations of modern public-key cryptography and secure communication protocols.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca82ebd1288190912f9e4482d1fa35 completed March 30, 2026, 2:04 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cdb6d37f0c8190946b958c399f3250 completed April 2, 2026, 12:22 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d23d904bbc8190ac0b28600ed2e709 completed April 5, 2026, 10:46 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d23fa1e3288190b755b3966178ad52 completed April 5, 2026, 10:55 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d24077720c81909a43ff56627095a1 completed April 5, 2026, 10:59 a.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:47 p.m.