Triple
T9303564
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Emmanuel Saez |
E223825
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications
"The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications" is a highly influential economics paper by Emmanuel Saez that analyzes how taxpayers respond to changes in marginal tax rates and draws policy conclusions for optimal tax design.
|
E790055
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications | Statement: [Emmanuel Saez, notableWork, The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications Context triple: [Emmanuel Saez, notableWork, The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications]
-
A.
Frisch elasticity of labor supply
The Frisch elasticity of labor supply is an economic measure that captures how responsive individuals’ labor supply is to changes in wages when their expected lifetime wealth is held constant.
-
B.
The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks
"The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks" is an influential empirical economics paper that quantifies how exogenous tax policy changes impact output and other key macroeconomic variables.
-
C.
Kaldor’s expenditure tax proposal
Kaldor’s expenditure tax proposal is an economic policy idea advocating a shift from taxing income to taxing individual consumption, aiming to promote savings and investment while simplifying the tax system.
-
D.
Inequality Reexamined
Inequality Reexamined is a philosophical and economic work by Amartya Sen that critically analyzes traditional views of inequality and justice through his capabilities approach.
-
E.
Miti e paradossi della giustizia tributaria
"Miti e paradossi della giustizia tributaria" is an essay by Italian economist and statesman Luigi Einaudi that critically examines the principles, contradictions, and practical injustices of the tax justice system.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications Triple: [Emmanuel Saez, notableWork, The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications]
Generated description
"The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications" is a highly influential economics paper by Emmanuel Saez that analyzes how taxpayers respond to changes in marginal tax rates and draws policy conclusions for optimal tax design.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications Target entity description: "The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications" is a highly influential economics paper by Emmanuel Saez that analyzes how taxpayers respond to changes in marginal tax rates and draws policy conclusions for optimal tax design.
-
A.
Frisch elasticity of labor supply
The Frisch elasticity of labor supply is an economic measure that captures how responsive individuals’ labor supply is to changes in wages when their expected lifetime wealth is held constant.
-
B.
The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks
"The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks" is an influential empirical economics paper that quantifies how exogenous tax policy changes impact output and other key macroeconomic variables.
-
C.
Kaldor’s expenditure tax proposal
Kaldor’s expenditure tax proposal is an economic policy idea advocating a shift from taxing income to taxing individual consumption, aiming to promote savings and investment while simplifying the tax system.
-
D.
Inequality Reexamined
Inequality Reexamined is a philosophical and economic work by Amartya Sen that critically analyzes traditional views of inequality and justice through his capabilities approach.
-
E.
Miti e paradossi della giustizia tributaria
"Miti e paradossi della giustizia tributaria" is an essay by Italian economist and statesman Luigi Einaudi that critically examines the principles, contradictions, and practical injustices of the tax justice system.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca8424d0f08190831e2e93c6533aeb |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:09 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cd08d4c5e48190aa8c744a158e5fbb |
completed | April 1, 2026, noon |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d0b26ae3c881909e88f0253e73f0ea |
completed | April 4, 2026, 6:40 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d0b3ba0bd88190873816ec7e7929a7 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 6:46 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d0b49ec4c88190a48909e7022d7e60 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 6:50 a.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 7:36 p.m.