Triple

T8912937
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject The Design of Experiments E212225 entity
Predicate hasNotableChapter P6720 FINISHED
Object The Theory of Confounding
The Theory of Confounding is a foundational chapter in R.A. Fisher’s work on experimental design that explains how to manage and interpret the mixing of treatment effects with nuisance factors in statistical experiments.
E765767 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Theory of Confounding | Statement: [The Design of Experiments, hasNotableChapter, The Theory of Confounding]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Theory of Confounding
Context triple: [The Design of Experiments, hasNotableChapter, The Theory of Confounding]
  • A. “Statistical Confluence Analysis by Means of Complete Regression Systems”
    “Statistical Confluence Analysis by Means of Complete Regression Systems” is a foundational econometric work by Ragnar Frisch that develops a systematic regression-based framework for analyzing interdependent economic relationships.
  • B. A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem
    A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem is a influential methodological book by political scientist Gary King that introduces statistical techniques for inferring individual-level behavior from aggregate data.
  • C. Statement on p-values and statistical significance
    The "Statement on p-values and statistical significance" is a landmark American Statistical Association document that clarifies the proper use and interpretation of p-values and cautions against their misuse in scientific research and decision-making.
  • D. “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error”
    “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error” is a landmark econometrics paper by James Heckman that introduced the Heckman correction for dealing with non-randomly selected samples in statistical analysis.
  • E. The Architecture of Theories
    The Architecture of Theories is an 1891 philosophical essay by Charles Sanders Peirce that outlines his evolutionary, realist, and scientific approach to metaphysics and the structure of scientific theories.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Theory of Confounding
Triple: [The Design of Experiments, hasNotableChapter, The Theory of Confounding]
Generated description
The Theory of Confounding is a foundational chapter in R.A. Fisher’s work on experimental design that explains how to manage and interpret the mixing of treatment effects with nuisance factors in statistical experiments.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Theory of Confounding
Target entity description: The Theory of Confounding is a foundational chapter in R.A. Fisher’s work on experimental design that explains how to manage and interpret the mixing of treatment effects with nuisance factors in statistical experiments.
  • A. “Statistical Confluence Analysis by Means of Complete Regression Systems”
    “Statistical Confluence Analysis by Means of Complete Regression Systems” is a foundational econometric work by Ragnar Frisch that develops a systematic regression-based framework for analyzing interdependent economic relationships.
  • B. A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem
    A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem is a influential methodological book by political scientist Gary King that introduces statistical techniques for inferring individual-level behavior from aggregate data.
  • C. Statement on p-values and statistical significance
    The "Statement on p-values and statistical significance" is a landmark American Statistical Association document that clarifies the proper use and interpretation of p-values and cautions against their misuse in scientific research and decision-making.
  • D. “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error”
    “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error” is a landmark econometrics paper by James Heckman that introduced the Heckman correction for dealing with non-randomly selected samples in statistical analysis.
  • E. The Architecture of Theories
    The Architecture of Theories is an 1891 philosophical essay by Charles Sanders Peirce that outlines his evolutionary, realist, and scientific approach to metaphysics and the structure of scientific theories.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca8393b1808190bd4336787ffa2c40 completed March 30, 2026, 2:07 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cc660e620c8190b02b9843c8f02bfa completed April 1, 2026, 12:25 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69cfba3c92c481909589e6a3c9469136 completed April 3, 2026, 1:01 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69cfbabf33a08190a18d13b9078c00e2 completed April 3, 2026, 1:03 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69cfbba71a948190afc03a1df9e5777c completed April 3, 2026, 1:07 p.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:56 p.m.