Triple
T870040
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | M45 |
E18788
|
entity |
| Predicate | observedBy |
P1165
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Charles Messier
Charles Messier was an 18th-century French astronomer best known for compiling the Messier catalog of nebulae and star clusters to help comet hunters avoid confusing them with comets.
|
E102232
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Charles Messier | Statement: [M45, observedBy, Charles Messier]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Charles Messier Context triple: [M45, observedBy, Charles Messier]
-
A.
Anton von Zach
Anton von Zach was an Austrian general and staff officer best known for his role in the Napoleonic Wars, particularly during the Italian campaigns.
-
B.
George Willis Ritchey
George Willis Ritchey was an American optician and telescope designer renowned for pioneering advanced reflecting telescope technologies in the early 20th century.
-
C.
James Edward Keeler
James Edward Keeler was an American astronomer noted for his pioneering spectroscopic studies of Saturn’s rings and for his influential role in late 19th-century astrophysical research.
-
D.
George Ellery Hale
George Ellery Hale was an influential American solar astronomer and observatory builder who pioneered modern astrophysics and led the creation of several of the world’s largest telescopes.
-
E.
Edward Charles Pickering
Edward Charles Pickering was a pioneering American astronomer and longtime director of the Harvard College Observatory, known for his major contributions to stellar spectroscopy and the classification of stars.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Charles Messier Triple: [M45, observedBy, Charles Messier]
Generated description
Charles Messier was an 18th-century French astronomer best known for compiling the Messier catalog of nebulae and star clusters to help comet hunters avoid confusing them with comets.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Charles Messier Target entity description: Charles Messier was an 18th-century French astronomer best known for compiling the Messier catalog of nebulae and star clusters to help comet hunters avoid confusing them with comets.
-
A.
Anton von Zach
Anton von Zach was an Austrian general and staff officer best known for his role in the Napoleonic Wars, particularly during the Italian campaigns.
-
B.
George Willis Ritchey
George Willis Ritchey was an American optician and telescope designer renowned for pioneering advanced reflecting telescope technologies in the early 20th century.
-
C.
James Edward Keeler
James Edward Keeler was an American astronomer noted for his pioneering spectroscopic studies of Saturn’s rings and for his influential role in late 19th-century astrophysical research.
-
D.
George Ellery Hale
George Ellery Hale was an influential American solar astronomer and observatory builder who pioneered modern astrophysics and led the creation of several of the world’s largest telescopes.
-
E.
Edward Charles Pickering
Edward Charles Pickering was a pioneering American astronomer and longtime director of the Harvard College Observatory, known for his major contributions to stellar spectroscopy and the classification of stars.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a4938ce8688190a24bdfef82ba7d21 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:29 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a4ac811e548190a72b7a10b5ea8665 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 9:15 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a7a3cb9a648190981182add42325f3 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 3:15 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a7a558c1308190810a139ad24dfc9d |
completed | March 4, 2026, 3:22 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a7a5e744188190ae30544753fb9399 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 3:24 a.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:39 p.m.