Triple

T8407928
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Richard Muller E198545 entity
Predicate hasWritten P2831 FINISHED
Object Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes
"Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes" is a scientific work that examines how variations in Earth's orbit and other astronomical factors drive long-term climate change and glacial cycles.
E179504 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes | Statement: [Richard Muller, hasWritten, Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes
Context triple: [Richard Muller, hasWritten, Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes]
  • A. Milankovitch cycles
    Milankovitch cycles are long-term variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt that drive natural climate fluctuations, including the timing of ice ages.
  • B. Younger Dryas impact hypothesis
    The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis proposes that a comet or asteroid impact around 12,800 years ago triggered abrupt climate cooling, widespread wildfires, and megafaunal extinctions at the onset of the Younger Dryas period.
  • C. Snowball Earth glaciations
    Snowball Earth glaciations were extreme global-scale ice ages in the Precambrian when ice sheets may have covered most or all of Earth’s surface for millions of years.
  • D. The Age of the Earth
    The Age of the Earth is a landmark 20th-century geology book that helped establish modern estimates of Earth’s age using radiometric dating methods.
  • E. Milanković calendar
    The Milanković calendar is a 20th-century reform of the Julian calendar, designed by Serbian scientist Milutin Milanković to more accurately align the civil year with the solar year and used by some Eastern Orthodox churches.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes
Triple: [Richard Muller, hasWritten, Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes]
Generated description
"Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes" is a scientific work that examines how variations in Earth's orbit and other astronomical factors drive long-term climate change and glacial cycles.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes
Target entity description: "Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes" is a scientific work that examines how variations in Earth's orbit and other astronomical factors drive long-term climate change and glacial cycles.
  • A. Milankovitch cycles chosen
    Milankovitch cycles are long-term variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt that drive natural climate fluctuations, including the timing of ice ages.
  • B. Younger Dryas impact hypothesis
    The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis proposes that a comet or asteroid impact around 12,800 years ago triggered abrupt climate cooling, widespread wildfires, and megafaunal extinctions at the onset of the Younger Dryas period.
  • C. Snowball Earth glaciations
    Snowball Earth glaciations were extreme global-scale ice ages in the Precambrian when ice sheets may have covered most or all of Earth’s surface for millions of years.
  • D. The Age of the Earth
    The Age of the Earth is a landmark 20th-century geology book that helped establish modern estimates of Earth’s age using radiometric dating methods.
  • E. Milanković calendar
    The Milanković calendar is a 20th-century reform of the Julian calendar, designed by Serbian scientist Milutin Milanković to more accurately align the civil year with the solar year and used by some Eastern Orthodox churches.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca8310df9c8190b25f16161cca3e41 completed March 30, 2026, 2:05 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cb8315a8a8819097f6da11b909b527 completed March 31, 2026, 8:17 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ce1d34214481908503c662eb060ff7 completed April 2, 2026, 7:39 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ce1fb008988190ae8e148cd937f5c4 completed April 2, 2026, 7:50 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ce205313fc8190863dbc6c904ef1af completed April 2, 2026, 7:52 a.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:05 p.m.