Triple

T8096056
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Louis de Broglie E188988 entity
Predicate doctoralThesisTitle P1860 FINISHED
Object Recherches sur la théorie des quanta
Recherches sur la théorie des quanta is Louis de Broglie’s landmark doctoral thesis in which he introduced the revolutionary concept of matter waves, laying a foundation for wave mechanics and modern quantum theory.
E709049 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Recherches sur la théorie des quanta | Statement: [Louis de Broglie, doctoralThesisTitle, Recherches sur la théorie des quanta]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Recherches sur la théorie des quanta
Context triple: [Louis de Broglie, doctoralThesisTitle, Recherches sur la théorie des quanta]
  • A. The Quantum Theory of Radiation
    The Quantum Theory of Radiation is a foundational physics text that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical treatment of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter.
  • B. On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
    "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
  • C. The Principles of Quantum Mechanics
    The Principles of Quantum Mechanics is a foundational 1930 textbook by Paul Dirac that rigorously formalized quantum theory and introduced key concepts such as bra–ket notation.
  • D. Vorlesungen über Atommechanik
    Vorlesungen über Atommechanik is a foundational early 20th-century textbook on quantum theory and atomic mechanics written by physicist Max Born.
  • E. On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum
    "On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum" is Max Planck’s groundbreaking 1900 paper that introduced the concept of energy quantization and laid the foundations of quantum theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Recherches sur la théorie des quanta
Triple: [Louis de Broglie, doctoralThesisTitle, Recherches sur la théorie des quanta]
Generated description
Recherches sur la théorie des quanta is Louis de Broglie’s landmark doctoral thesis in which he introduced the revolutionary concept of matter waves, laying a foundation for wave mechanics and modern quantum theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Recherches sur la théorie des quanta
Target entity description: Recherches sur la théorie des quanta is Louis de Broglie’s landmark doctoral thesis in which he introduced the revolutionary concept of matter waves, laying a foundation for wave mechanics and modern quantum theory.
  • A. The Quantum Theory of Radiation
    The Quantum Theory of Radiation is a foundational physics text that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical treatment of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter.
  • B. On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
    "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
  • C. The Principles of Quantum Mechanics
    The Principles of Quantum Mechanics is a foundational 1930 textbook by Paul Dirac that rigorously formalized quantum theory and introduced key concepts such as bra–ket notation.
  • D. Vorlesungen über Atommechanik
    Vorlesungen über Atommechanik is a foundational early 20th-century textbook on quantum theory and atomic mechanics written by physicist Max Born.
  • E. On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum
    "On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum" is Max Planck’s groundbreaking 1900 paper that introduced the concept of energy quantization and laid the foundations of quantum theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca82b886d88190a9cba0d5a4a27521 completed March 30, 2026, 2:03 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cb4291f1d4819098985ac2b20b6c75 completed March 31, 2026, 3:42 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69cc6414ca048190ac0e644b2c399bfb completed April 1, 2026, 12:17 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69cc651eecf481909bf0ea90001c83f3 completed April 1, 2026, 12:21 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69cc664d69a08190b92e34a0e1de48a7 completed April 1, 2026, 12:26 a.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 5:30 p.m.