Triple
T7685683
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Kai Siegbahn |
E174109
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that measures the elemental composition and chemical states of materials by detecting electrons emitted from a sample irradiated with X-rays.
|
E394689
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy | Statement: [Kai Siegbahn, knownFor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Context triple: [Kai Siegbahn, knownFor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]
-
A.
XRF
XRF is the IATA airport-style code assigned to Liverpool Lime Street railway station in Liverpool, England.
-
B.
X-ray spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy is an analytical technique that studies the characteristic X-ray emissions of materials to determine their elemental composition and electronic structure.
-
C.
ARPES
ARPES (Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy) is an experimental technique used in condensed matter physics to map the electronic band structure and momentum-resolved properties of materials.
-
D.
X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is an experimental technique that determines the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by analyzing the pattern of X-rays diffracted through their crystal lattice.
-
E.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope is a scientific instrument that analyzes the elemental composition of materials by focusing a high-energy laser to create a plasma and studying the emitted light spectrum.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Triple: [Kai Siegbahn, knownFor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]
Generated description
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that measures the elemental composition and chemical states of materials by detecting electrons emitted from a sample irradiated with X-rays.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Target entity description: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that measures the elemental composition and chemical states of materials by detecting electrons emitted from a sample irradiated with X-rays.
-
A.
XRF
XRF is the IATA airport-style code assigned to Liverpool Lime Street railway station in Liverpool, England.
-
B.
X-ray spectroscopy
chosen
X-ray spectroscopy is an analytical technique that studies the characteristic X-ray emissions of materials to determine their elemental composition and electronic structure.
-
C.
ARPES
ARPES (Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy) is an experimental technique used in condensed matter physics to map the electronic band structure and momentum-resolved properties of materials.
-
D.
X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is an experimental technique that determines the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by analyzing the pattern of X-rays diffracted through their crystal lattice.
-
E.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope is a scientific instrument that analyzes the elemental composition of materials by focusing a high-energy laser to create a plasma and studying the emitted light spectrum.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c6995840408190a19de6c51090f46f |
completed | March 27, 2026, 2:51 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c7022118908190a3a93cfda79be0a4 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 10:18 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c8a25c2a308190908ffdd2f0b7262f |
completed | March 29, 2026, 3:54 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c8a37c995881908c71791c6cc002f3 |
completed | March 29, 2026, 3:58 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c8a3fe63a4819086bcb5f80cdbd30b |
completed | March 29, 2026, 4:01 a.m. |
Created at: March 27, 2026, 4:02 p.m.