Triple

T7685683
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Kai Siegbahn E174109 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that measures the elemental composition and chemical states of materials by detecting electrons emitted from a sample irradiated with X-rays.
E394689 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy | Statement: [Kai Siegbahn, knownFor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Context triple: [Kai Siegbahn, knownFor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]
  • A. XRF
    XRF is the IATA airport-style code assigned to Liverpool Lime Street railway station in Liverpool, England.
  • B. X-ray spectroscopy
    X-ray spectroscopy is an analytical technique that studies the characteristic X-ray emissions of materials to determine their elemental composition and electronic structure.
  • C. ARPES
    ARPES (Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy) is an experimental technique used in condensed matter physics to map the electronic band structure and momentum-resolved properties of materials.
  • D. X-ray crystallography
    X-ray crystallography is an experimental technique that determines the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by analyzing the pattern of X-rays diffracted through their crystal lattice.
  • E. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope
    Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope is a scientific instrument that analyzes the elemental composition of materials by focusing a high-energy laser to create a plasma and studying the emitted light spectrum.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Triple: [Kai Siegbahn, knownFor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]
Generated description
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that measures the elemental composition and chemical states of materials by detecting electrons emitted from a sample irradiated with X-rays.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Target entity description: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that measures the elemental composition and chemical states of materials by detecting electrons emitted from a sample irradiated with X-rays.
  • A. XRF
    XRF is the IATA airport-style code assigned to Liverpool Lime Street railway station in Liverpool, England.
  • B. X-ray spectroscopy chosen
    X-ray spectroscopy is an analytical technique that studies the characteristic X-ray emissions of materials to determine their elemental composition and electronic structure.
  • C. ARPES
    ARPES (Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy) is an experimental technique used in condensed matter physics to map the electronic band structure and momentum-resolved properties of materials.
  • D. X-ray crystallography
    X-ray crystallography is an experimental technique that determines the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by analyzing the pattern of X-rays diffracted through their crystal lattice.
  • E. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope
    Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope is a scientific instrument that analyzes the elemental composition of materials by focusing a high-energy laser to create a plasma and studying the emitted light spectrum.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c6995840408190a19de6c51090f46f completed March 27, 2026, 2:51 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c7022118908190a3a93cfda79be0a4 completed March 27, 2026, 10:18 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c8a25c2a308190908ffdd2f0b7262f completed March 29, 2026, 3:54 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c8a37c995881908c71791c6cc002f3 completed March 29, 2026, 3:58 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c8a3fe63a4819086bcb5f80cdbd30b completed March 29, 2026, 4:01 a.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 4:02 p.m.