Triple

T7581975
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Whitney v. California E179507 entity
Predicate timePeriod P302 FINISHED
Object Lochner era
The Lochner era was a period in early 20th-century United States constitutional history when the Supreme Court frequently struck down economic regulations by invoking a broad interpretation of freedom of contract under the Due Process Clause.
E54705 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lochner era | Statement: [Whitney v. California, timePeriod, Lochner era]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lochner era
Context triple: [Whitney v. California, timePeriod, Lochner era]
  • A. Lochner v. New York
    Lochner v. New York is a landmark 1905 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down a state labor regulation and became emblematic of the era in which the Court used substantive due process to protect economic liberty and limit government regulation of business.
  • B. United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
    United States v. E. C. Knight Co. was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court decision that sharply limited the federal government’s power to regulate monopolies under the Commerce Clause, weakening early enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
  • C. Hammer v. Dagenhart
    Hammer v. Dagenhart was a 1918 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down federal child labor regulations under the Commerce Clause, later repudiated as a symbol of restrictive interpretations of federal power.
  • D. In re Debs Supreme Court case
    In re Debs was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s authority to use injunctions and troops to end the Pullman Strike, significantly expanding federal power over labor disputes and interstate commerce.
  • E. Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
    Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal income tax as unconstitutional, prompting the later adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment to authorize such taxes.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lochner era
Triple: [Whitney v. California, timePeriod, Lochner era]
Generated description
The Lochner era was a period in early 20th-century United States constitutional history when the Supreme Court frequently struck down economic regulations by invoking a broad interpretation of freedom of contract under the Due Process Clause.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lochner era
Target entity description: The Lochner era was a period in early 20th-century United States constitutional history when the Supreme Court frequently struck down economic regulations by invoking a broad interpretation of freedom of contract under the Due Process Clause.
  • A. Lochner v. New York chosen
    Lochner v. New York is a landmark 1905 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down a state labor regulation and became emblematic of the era in which the Court used substantive due process to protect economic liberty and limit government regulation of business.
  • B. United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
    United States v. E. C. Knight Co. was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court decision that sharply limited the federal government’s power to regulate monopolies under the Commerce Clause, weakening early enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
  • C. Hammer v. Dagenhart
    Hammer v. Dagenhart was a 1918 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down federal child labor regulations under the Commerce Clause, later repudiated as a symbol of restrictive interpretations of federal power.
  • D. In re Debs Supreme Court case
    In re Debs was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s authority to use injunctions and troops to end the Pullman Strike, significantly expanding federal power over labor disputes and interstate commerce.
  • E. Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
    Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal income tax as unconstitutional, prompting the later adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment to authorize such taxes.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c69f327db881909a21ae3b156f8ded completed March 27, 2026, 3:16 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c6f978341081909e009c410ffc5039 completed March 27, 2026, 9:41 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c8617b8934819094f596e6a037e468 completed March 28, 2026, 11:17 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c862677e008190928ac5b4a47906fc completed March 28, 2026, 11:21 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c8630fe8608190afc7b67d9a80240b completed March 28, 2026, 11:24 p.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 3:52 p.m.