Triple

T7573408
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject John Clive Ward E179301 entity
Predicate notableIdea P4 FINISHED
Object Ward identity in quantum electrodynamics E553293 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ward identity in quantum electrodynamics | Statement: [John Clive Ward, notableIdea, Ward identity in quantum electrodynamics]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Ward identity in quantum electrodynamics
Context triple: [John Clive Ward, notableIdea, Ward identity in quantum electrodynamics]
  • A. Ward–Takahashi identities chosen
    The Ward–Takahashi identities are fundamental relations in quantum field theory that express the consequences of gauge or global symmetries for Green’s functions and ensure the consistency of renormalization with these symmetries.
  • B. Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
    Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Slavnov–Taylor identities
    Slavnov–Taylor identities are relations in non-Abelian gauge theories that generalize Ward identities, ensuring the consistency and renormalizability of gauge-invariant quantum field theories.
  • D. Schwinger–Dyson equations
    The Schwinger–Dyson equations are a set of integral equations in quantum field theory that relate correlation functions and encode the full dynamics of a quantum field.
  • E. Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field
    The Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field is a landmark theoretical physics work in which Paul Dirac introduced the concept of magnetic monopoles and showed how their existence would imply the quantization of electric charge.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c69f316e50819081a271c85c06f918 completed March 27, 2026, 3:16 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c6f94710a0819094508356b8d610ab completed March 27, 2026, 9:40 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c856ea9a2c8190a81762ac509c4c97 completed March 28, 2026, 10:32 p.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 3:51 p.m.