Triple

T744293
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Alexander Friedmann E15307 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object On the Curvature of Space
"On the Curvature of Space" is a pioneering 1922 paper by Alexander Friedmann that introduced non-static, expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the theoretical foundation for modern cosmology.
E87936 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: On the Curvature of Space | Statement: [Alexander Friedmann, notableWork, On the Curvature of Space]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: On the Curvature of Space
Context triple: [Alexander Friedmann, notableWork, On the Curvature of Space]
  • A. The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes
    The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes is a landmark monograph that presents a rigorous, comprehensive treatment of the physics and mathematics underlying black hole solutions in general relativity.
  • B. Time And Relative Dimension In Space
    Time And Relative Dimension In Space is the full name of the Doctor Who franchise’s iconic time-traveling spacecraft and time machine, commonly known by its acronym TARDIS.
  • C. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
    The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
  • D. Theorema Egregium
    Theorema Egregium is Gauss’s celebrated theorem in differential geometry showing that the Gaussian curvature of a surface is an intrinsic property independent of how the surface is embedded in space.
  • E. Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?
    "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that first articulated the mass–energy equivalence principle, commonly expressed as E = mc².
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: On the Curvature of Space
Triple: [Alexander Friedmann, notableWork, On the Curvature of Space]
Generated description
"On the Curvature of Space" is a pioneering 1922 paper by Alexander Friedmann that introduced non-static, expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the theoretical foundation for modern cosmology.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: On the Curvature of Space
Target entity description: "On the Curvature of Space" is a pioneering 1922 paper by Alexander Friedmann that introduced non-static, expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the theoretical foundation for modern cosmology.
  • A. The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes
    The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes is a landmark monograph that presents a rigorous, comprehensive treatment of the physics and mathematics underlying black hole solutions in general relativity.
  • B. Time And Relative Dimension In Space
    Time And Relative Dimension In Space is the full name of the Doctor Who franchise’s iconic time-traveling spacecraft and time machine, commonly known by its acronym TARDIS.
  • C. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
    The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
  • D. Theorema Egregium
    Theorema Egregium is Gauss’s celebrated theorem in differential geometry showing that the Gaussian curvature of a surface is an intrinsic property independent of how the surface is embedded in space.
  • E. Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?
    "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that first articulated the mass–energy equivalence principle, commonly expressed as E = mc².
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49358aa308190adbc9b5a0a2adcf9 completed March 1, 2026, 7:28 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4a610ba9881908b4e5e7dcc6ed0f5 completed March 1, 2026, 8:48 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a64a6500488190b8799d1639b64fe3 completed March 3, 2026, 2:41 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a64adcbdf08190a67d81b494698b86 completed March 3, 2026, 2:43 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a64b7463688190826ae85d27fe43d5 completed March 3, 2026, 2:46 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:37 p.m.