Triple
T7129926
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | George C. Williams |
E166159
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges
Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges is an influential book by evolutionary biologist George C. Williams that analyzes how natural selection operates across different biological levels and conceptual domains, highlighting theoretical issues and challenges in evolutionary theory.
|
E644390
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges | Statement: [George C. Williams, notableWork, Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges Context triple: [George C. Williams, notableWork, Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges]
-
A.
The Causes of Evolution
The Causes of Evolution is a foundational 1932 book by geneticist J. B. S. Haldane that helped establish the modern synthesis by mathematically integrating Mendelian genetics with Darwinian natural selection.
-
B.
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory is a comprehensive 2002 book by paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould that synthesizes and expands modern evolutionary theory, emphasizing concepts such as punctuated equilibrium and hierarchical selection.
-
C.
Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of Species
Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of Species is a scientific book by Lynn Margulis that advances the idea that symbiosis and the merging of genomes are central drivers of evolutionary innovation and the formation of new species.
-
D.
The Major Features of Evolution
The Major Features of Evolution is a foundational work in evolutionary biology that helped shape the modern evolutionary synthesis by integrating genetics with Darwinian natural selection.
-
E.
The Roles of Mutation, Inbreeding, Crossbreeding and Selection in Evolution
"The Roles of Mutation, Inbreeding, Crossbreeding and Selection in Evolution" is a landmark 1932 paper by geneticist Sewall Wright that helped establish the theoretical foundations of population genetics and modern evolutionary theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges Triple: [George C. Williams, notableWork, Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges]
Generated description
Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges is an influential book by evolutionary biologist George C. Williams that analyzes how natural selection operates across different biological levels and conceptual domains, highlighting theoretical issues and challenges in evolutionary theory.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges Target entity description: Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges is an influential book by evolutionary biologist George C. Williams that analyzes how natural selection operates across different biological levels and conceptual domains, highlighting theoretical issues and challenges in evolutionary theory.
-
A.
The Causes of Evolution
The Causes of Evolution is a foundational 1932 book by geneticist J. B. S. Haldane that helped establish the modern synthesis by mathematically integrating Mendelian genetics with Darwinian natural selection.
-
B.
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory is a comprehensive 2002 book by paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould that synthesizes and expands modern evolutionary theory, emphasizing concepts such as punctuated equilibrium and hierarchical selection.
-
C.
Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of Species
Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of Species is a scientific book by Lynn Margulis that advances the idea that symbiosis and the merging of genomes are central drivers of evolutionary innovation and the formation of new species.
-
D.
The Major Features of Evolution
The Major Features of Evolution is a foundational work in evolutionary biology that helped shape the modern evolutionary synthesis by integrating genetics with Darwinian natural selection.
-
E.
The Roles of Mutation, Inbreeding, Crossbreeding and Selection in Evolution
"The Roles of Mutation, Inbreeding, Crossbreeding and Selection in Evolution" is a landmark 1932 paper by geneticist Sewall Wright that helped establish the theoretical foundations of population genetics and modern evolutionary theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c6888350588190870cd552b427a1cd |
completed | March 27, 2026, 1:39 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c6e66c87848190b0ffd08e3c3f4877 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 8:19 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c7a33bf244819096db1351ebf62413 |
completed | March 28, 2026, 9:45 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c7a45ce628819085343c30f2886a95 |
completed | March 28, 2026, 9:50 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c7a60ac4348190a623522f2d8199e9 |
completed | March 28, 2026, 9:57 a.m. |
Created at: March 27, 2026, 2:44 p.m.